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. 2021 Jul;46(4):237–255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793

Table 1.

Detailed characteristics of the included articles.

Author Country Type of study Sample size (male/female) Mean Age Number of patients with liver toxicity CRP (mg/l) Serum levels (ALT: U/L, AST: U/L, Bilirubin: mg/dL, Albumin: g/L) LDH (U/L) D-dimer (μg/mL) ESR (mm/h) Diagnosis method Clinical stage of liver enzymes data Q/A score
Huang et al.2 China C/S 41 (30/11) 49.0 (41.0-58.0) - - ALT: 32.0 (21.0-50.0) 286.0 (242.0-408.0) 0.5 (0.3-1.3) - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 31.4 (28.9-36.0)
Guan et al.23 China C/S 1,099 (637/459) 47.0 (35.0-58.0) - - ALT: - - - - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Fu et al.24 China C/S 52 (28/24) 44.5 (33.0-56.5) 10 8.8 (3.5-21.4) ALT: 24.0 (15.3-39.0) 224.0 (200.0-253.0) 0.7 (0.5-0.8) - RT-PCR On admission 7
AST: 27.0 (21.2-34.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Zhou et al.25 China C/S 191 (119/72) 56.0 (46.0-67.0) - - ALT: 30.0 (17.0-46.0) 300.0 (234.0-407.0) 0.8 (0.4-3.2) - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 32.3 (29.1-35.8)
Chen et al.26 China Case series 9 (0/9) 29.9 - 18.61 ALT: 253.8 - - - RT-PCR On admission 5
AST: 171.0
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Chen et al.27 China C/S 291 (145/146) 46.0 (34.0-59.0) - 15.6 (4.4-30.3) ALT: 20.7 (14.9-28.9) 172.8 (142.6-220.5) - 37.0 (21.0-62.0) RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 24.7 (19.9-31.4)
Bilirubin: 27.0
Albumin: 37.3 (34.7-40.3)
Chen et al.28 China C/S 274 (171/103) 62.0 (44.0-70.0) 13 53.4 (18.6-113.0) ALT: 23.0 (15.0-38.0) 321.5 (249.8-510.5) 1.1 (0.5-3.2) 32.5 (17.3-53.8) RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 30.0 (22.0-46.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 33.9 (30.3-37.6)
Chen et al.29 China C/S 99 (67/32) 55.5 (21.0-82.0) - 51.4 ALT: 39.0 (22.0-53.0) 336.0 (260.0-447.0) 0.9 (0.5-2.8) 49.9 RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 34.0 (26.0-48.0)
Bilirubin: 15.1
Albumin: 31.6
Ai et al.30 China C/S 102 (52/50) 50.4 (1.5-90.0) - 28.2 ALT: 27.8 245.4 - 33.3 RT-PCR and CT-scan On admission 8
AST: 30.6
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Xu et al.31 China C/S 355 (162/193) - - ALT: 35.0 (1.0-414.0) 296.4 2.7 (0.1-382.0) - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 40.76 (10.0-475.0)
Bilirubin: 14.16 (0.7-511.6)
Albumin: 38.5 (18.2-56.1)
Zhang et al.32 China C/S 95 (42/53) 49.0 (39.0-58.0) 50 25.0 ALT: - - - - RT-PCR and abnormal radiologic findings During admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Zhao et al.5 China C/S 75 (33/42) 47.0 (34.0-55.0) - 13.6 (3.8-48.2) ALT: 23.0 (14.0-43.0) 233.0 (176.5-313.0) - 30.1 (11.5-69.0) RT-PCR On admission 7
AST: 27.0 (21.0-37.0)
Bilirubin: 14.5 (11.1-18.2)
Albumin: -
Zhao et al.33 China C/S 77 (34/43) 52.0 25 17.0 (4.6-51.1) ALT: 28.0 (20.0-46.0) - - - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 29.0 (21.0-42.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Tian et al.34 China C/S 37 (17/20) 44.3 - ALT: - - - - RT-PCR During admission 7
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Wang et al.35 China C/S 339 (166/173) 71.0 96 49.6 (18.5-93.2) ALT: 27.0 (17.0-44.0) 301.0 (224.0-429.0) 1.2 (0.6-3.2) - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 32.0 (23.0-46.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Wang et al.36 China C/S 11 (10/1) 58.0 (49.0-72.0) 6 12.1 (6.2-13.7) ALT: 24.0 (15.9-27.7) 396.5 (357.6-529.0) 1.3 (6.7-4.7) - RT-PCR During admission 6
AST: -
Bilirubin: 15.1 (11.2-20.4)
Albumin: 33.6 (30.5-37.2)
Huang et al.37 China C/S 36 (25/11) 69.2 22 106.2 (60.8-225.3) ALT: 26.0 (18.0-38.0) 502.5 (410.0-629.0) 8.6 (2.4-20.0) - RT-PCR On admission 5
AST: 43.0 (30.0-51.0)
Bilirubin: 11.2 (7.5-19.2)
Albumin: 30.2
Zhang et al.38 China C/S 82 (54/28) 72.5 64 11.7 (63.3-186.6) ALT: 26.0 (18.5-47.5) 515.0 (365.0-755.0) 5.1 (2.2-21.5) - RT-PCR During admission 6
AST: 72.0 (30.0-71.0)
Bilirubin: 13.6 (10.0-22.9)
Albumin: 33.1 (30.3-36.9)
Zhang et al.39 China C/S 140 (71/69) 57.0 - 34.2 (12.5-67.4) ALT: - - 0.2 (0.1-0.5) - RT-PCR During admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Zhang et al.40 China C/S 28 (17/11) 65.0 - - ALT: - 262.9 (168.5-508.0) - - RT-PCR Medical records, NA 6
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 31.1 (28.6-34.8)
Zhao et al.41 China C/S 34 (11/8) 48.0 - 26.5 (10.0-127.1) ALT: 36.4 (11.8-85.0) 256.9 (150.0-750.0) - - RT-PCR After admission 7
AST: 34.9 (17.6-103.8)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Tang et al.42 China C/S 73 (45/28) 67.0 33 87.2 (32.6-104.5) ALT: 34.5 (24.0-61.0) 483.0 (351.0-602.0) 0.6 (0.4-3.4) - Clinical presentations, CT-scan On admission 7
AST: 25.5 (20.0-42.5)
Bilirubin: 9.8 (8.0-14.5)
Albumin: 33.2 (30.8-36.2)
Tang et al.43 China C/S 26 (17/9) 6.9 - - ALT: - - - - RT-PCR Medical records, NA 6
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Liao et al.44 China C/S 46 (24/22) - - 2.6 (0.8-9.4) ALT: 17.9 (11.6-32.5) 195.5 (145.0-240.0) 0.3 (0.2- 0.4) - RT-PCR assay with a cycle threshold value (Ct-value) of less than 37 was defined as positive On admission 8
AST: 18.3 (14.5-26.9)
Bilirubin: 8.7 (5.9-14.6)
Albumin: -
Qian et al.45 China C/S 91 (37/54) 50.0 (36.5-57.0) - 6.8 (1.9-15.3) ALT: 18.0 (13.0-28.0) - 0.3 (0.1-0.4) - Real-time reverse transcriptase as a primary method of diagnosis, RT-PCR On admission 9
AST: 21.0 (17.0-28.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 40.0 (37.8-42.0)
Qiu et al.46 China C/S 104 (49/55) 43.0 5 11.7 (3.5-32.7) ALT: 20.0 (15.0-34.2) - 0.5 (0.2-0.7) - RT-PCR NA 9
AST: 26.0 (20.8-34.1)
Bilirubin: 10.9 (7.5-16.6)
Albumin: 37.3
Shi et al.47 China C/S 101 (60/41) - 18 107.9 ALT: 56.0 - - - NA (Medical records) On admission 7
AST: 116.8
Bilirubin: 25.0
Albumin: -
Wan et al.48 China C/S 135 (72/63) 47.0 (36.0-55.0) - 10.5 (2.7-51.2) ALT: 26.0 (12.9-33.1) 320.5 (248.5-385.3) 0.4 (0.2-0.6) - RT-PCR Medical records, NA 8
AST: 33.4 (27.8-43.7)
Bilirubin: 8.6 (5.9-13.7)
Albumin: 40.5 (37-43.4)
Xu et al.49 China C/S 55 (22/33) 49.0 (2.0-69.0) - - ALT: - - - - RT-PCR Pathology sample from the liver after death 5
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Wu et al.50 China C/S 80 (39/41) 46.1 3 6.6 (5.3-12.3) ALT: 24.0 (12.0-38.0) 226.0 (182.0-308.0) 0.9 (0.4-2.4) Epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, RT-PCR Medical records, NA 8
AST: 30.0 (19.0-39.0)
Bilirubin: 6.6 (5.4-12.0)
Albumin: 38.3 (37.0-46.2)
Xie et al.51 China C/S 79 (44/35) 60.0 (48.0-66.0) 29 13.9 (3.1-51.9) ALT: 34.0 (18.0-67.0) - 0.7 (0.3-1.3) 39.0 (24.0-58.0) RT-PCR, clinical data On admission 8
AST: 30.0 (23.0-50.0)
Bilirubin: 13.6 (8.8-17.6)
Albumin: -
Xu et al.52 China C/S 45 (29/16) 56.7 17 ALT: 29.0 (20.1-50.0) 338.0 (248.0-437.9) - - All patients had positive throat swabs of SARS-CoV-2 On admission 8
AST: 27 (22.0-39.5)
Bilirubin: 15.5 (10.5-21.3)
Albumin: 31.6 (30.2-34.5)
Zhou et al.25 China C/S 191 (119/72) 56.0 (46.0-67.0) - ALT: 30.0 (17.0-46.0) 300.0 (234.0-407.0) 0.8 (0.4-3.2) - Real-time RT-PCR methods On admission 7
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: 32.3 (29.1-35.8)
Zhou et al.53 China C/S 197 (99/98) 55.9 8 55.0 ALT: 38.4 266.2 2.3 - RT-PCR, CT-scan On admission 7
AST: 38.8
Bilirubin: 16.3
Albumin: -
Cai et al.54 China C/S 417 (198/219) 47.0 (34.0-60.0) 22 ALT: 21.0 (15.0-31.0) - - - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: 26.5 (21.0-35.0)
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Feng et al.17 China C/S 476 (271/205) 53.0 (40.0-64.0) - 18.8 (5.2-57.0) ALT: - 259.0 (202.0-356.0) 0.58 (0.35-1.48) 48.0 (30.0-80.0) Real-time RT-PCR, CT-scan On admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: 10.1 (7.5-14.0)
Albumin: 37.9 (32.8-41.8)
Feng et al.55 China C/S 564 (284/280) 47.0 (36.0-58.0) - ALT: 20.3 (15.0-30.4) 189.0 (152.0-244.0) - - RT-PCR assay for nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens, CT-scan On admission 8
AST: 24.3 (19.5-31.5)
Bilirubin: 11.9 (8.7-17.6)
Albumin: 39.0 (35.7-42.4)
Fu et al.18 China C/S 50 (27/23) - - - ALT: - - - - RT-PCR, CT-scan NA 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Ji et al.56 China C/S 208 (117/91) 44.0 - ALT: 24.0 (14.0-37.3) 234.0 (200.0-283.0) 0.3 (0.2-0.5) - RT-PCR On admission 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Han et al.57 China C/S 25 (12/13) 44.0 (22.0-70.0) - - ALT: - - - - NA On admission 7
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -
Jiang et al.58 China C/S 55 (27/28) 45.0 (27.0-60.0) - 8.8 (3.5-21.4) ALT: 21.0 (16.0-48.0) - 0.3 (0.2-0.6) - RT-PCR Medical records, NA 7
AST: 24.0 (20.0-32.0)
Bilirubin: 7.0 (4.0-10.0)
Albumin: 42.0 (39.0-45.0)
Yang et al.59 China C/S 92 - 15 15.6 (4.4-30.3) ALT: - - - RT-PCR Medical records, NA 8
AST: -
Bilirubin: -
Albumin: -

CRP: C-reactive protein, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Q/A: Quality assessment, RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, CT-scan: Computed tomography scan, C/S: Cross-sectional