Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristic by group.
| High carbohydrate (n = 7) | Low carbohydrate (n = 7) | t(12); p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65.4 (6.5) | 66.0 (5.5) | 0.17; 0.86 |
| Education, y | 15.7 (3.4) | 17.7 (2.2) | 1.30; 0.22 |
| PD duration, y | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.6 (2.8) | 0.19; 0.84 |
| MoCA | 24.2 (2.4) | 25.4 (1.1) | 1.12; 0.28 |
| MoCA recall score | 3.0 (1.4) | 2.5 (0.9) | 0.64; 0.53 |
| Body weight, kg | 96.1 (13.3) | 89.9 (12.1) | 0.89; 0.38 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 105.9 (8.5) | 102.6 (16.8) | 0.46; 0.65 |
| BMI | 31.2 | 27.9 | 0.97; 0.34 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 91.3 (12.1) | 93.4 (9.9) | 0.35; 0.72 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/L | 8.7 (3.8) | 8.2 (4.4) | 0.26; 0.79 |
| βHB, mM | 0.11 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.04) | 1.27; 0.22 |
| Total energy, kcal/day | 2623 (1586) | 2205 (624) | 0.60; 0.55 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 285 (179) | 248 (83) | 0.46; 0.64 |
| Protein, g/day | 101 (46) | 82 (28) | 0.85; 0.40 |
| Fat, g/day | 118 (87) | 95 (29) | 0.61; 0.54 |
| Fiber, g/day | 18.5 (7.4) | 20.2 (7.1) | 0.43; 0.67 |
| Carbidopa | 1 | 0 | |
| Carbidopa/levodopa | 6 | 6 | |
| Tolcapone | 1 | 1 | |
| Ropinirole | 1 | 1 | |
| Selegiline | 0 | 2 | |
| Pramipexole | 0 | 1 | |
| Amantadine | 1 | 0 | |
| Rasagiline | 2 | 0 | |
| Rotigotine | 1 | 0 | |
| Entacapone | 0 | 1 |
Note: Values are M (SD) except where noted otherwise. PD duration = period from Parkinson's disease diagnosis to date of study enrollment. MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment. BMI = body mass index. βHB = beta-hydroxybutyrate. Nutritional information derived from diet diary records obtained during the week prior to the enrollment visit. Values for medications indicate the number of participants within group treated with each drug.