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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cancer. 2021 May 5;21(7):446–460. doi: 10.1038/s41568-021-00353-1

Fig. 4 ∣. Metastasis-associated long noncoding RNAs are regulated by various upstream mechanisms.

Fig. 4 ∣

Shown are examples of metastatic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) activated by representative mechanisms (from left to right). For each mechanism, the mechanistic model of an example lncRNA is presented (top: upstream regulation of the lncRNA; bottom: regulation of the downstream target and metastatic phenotype). EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; hnRNP, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; miR, microRNA.