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. 2020 Jan 21;7(6):1092–1107. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa007

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Flow of information in DNA-based information storage. Top left: source coding, i.e. converting information into binary code (or other radix) series. Top right: channel coding, i.e. data error detection/correction coding, providing an error correction/error detection capability by providing additional bits of redundancy. Bottom right: information storage. After the desired DNA molecule is synthesized, it can be stored in vitro or in vivo. Bottom left: information readout. Each part will be detailed in the text.