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. 2019 Jul 11;7(2):441–452. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz087

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Spatial patterns of cropland-N₂O EFs controlled by the changes in N inputs and environmental conditions. (a) and (e) Mean values and temporal trends of EFs in the period 1961–2014, respectively. (b) and (f) The effect of environmental changes on the mean and slope of EFs, respectively. (c) and (g) The effect of N-input changes on the mean and slope of EFs, respectively. (d) and (h) Dominant factor of the mean and slope of EFs, respectively, defined as the driving factor that contributes the most to the values of the mean and slope of EFs in each cropland grid cell.