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. 2019 Jul 11;7(2):441–452. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz087

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Estimates of global cropland-N₂O emissions in 1961-2014. We normalize the FAOSTAT and GAINS by removing the contribution from synthetic fertilizers applied to pasture, the EDGAR version 4.3.2 by excluding the contributions from synthetic fertilizers applied to pasture and soil mineralization and the NMIP by excluding the contribution from ‘background’ emissions. The box plots (mean, one standard deviation and minimum-to-maximum range) are given for the period 1961-2014 for prominent datasets (colors) and for our estimates in different periods (1961-2014: black, 1970-2012: gray, 1990-2015 in 5-yr increments: light gray). The proportion value indicates the emission difference in means between our estimates and prominent datasets, computed as the difference divided by the estimates of prominent datasets.