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. 2019 Nov 5;7(2):355–365. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz167

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Phenomenological illustration of the piezoelectricity enhancement associated with increased structural flexibility. (a, b) Comparison of the energy landscape with polarization variation under the condition of P_x = P_y between two ferroelectric systems before and after additional structural flexibility is introduced. (c) Comparison of the energy landscapes for the polarization contraction/extension paths of scenario 1 and scenario 2 according to the 3D surfaces in (a) and (b), respectively. (d) Comparison of the energy landscapes for the polarization rotation paths of scenario 1 and scenario 2 according to the 3D surface in (a) and (b), respectively.