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. 2020 Apr 30;7(8):1270–1273. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa082

Table 1.

The overall chemical reactions for de novo synthesis of each DNA nucleotide.

purine (dATP) 5-phospho-α-D-ribose-diphosphate + glycine + CO2 + 2 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 2 glutamine + 2 aspartate + 6 ATP + GTP + reduced thioredoxin Inline graphic dATP + 2 tetrahydrofolate + 2 glutamate + 2 fumarate + 6 ADP + GDP + 5 Pi + diphosphate + oxidized thioredoxin + 9 H+
purine (dGTP) ATP + NAD+ + reduced thioredoxin + 2 H2O Inline graphic dGTP+ 2 tetrahydrofolate + 3 glutamate + fumarate + 6 ADP + AMP + 4 Pi + 2 diphosphate + NADH + oxidized thioredoxin + 10 H+
pyrimidine (dCTP) 5-phospho-α-D-ribose-diphosphate + 2 glutamine + aspartate + 6 ATP + FMN + reduced thioredoxin + 2 H2O Inline graphic dCTP + 2 glutamate + 6 ADP + 4 Pi + diphosphate + FMNH2 + oxidized thioredoxin + 5 H+
pyrimidine (dTTP) 5-phospho-α-D-ribose-diphosphate + glutamine + aspartate + 6 ATP + FMN + reduced thioredoxin + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + H2O Inline graphic dTTP + glutamate + 6 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 diphosphate + FMNH2 + oxidized thioredoxin + 7,8-dihydrofolate + 3 H+