Table 2.

Organisms identified within 48 h of hospital admission

Type of test	Potential pathogens	No of pathogens
Tracheal aspirate or sputum culture
	Escherichia coli	1
	Pseudomonas spa	1
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	1
	Enterobacter cloacae complex (AmpC)	1
	Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)a	2
BAL PCR/ culture
	Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA)b	2
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	1
Other tests
Pneumococcal urinary antigen test	Streptococcus pneumoniaea	2
MSU	Escherichia coli	2
RT-PCR	Mycoplasma pneumoniae Metapneumovirusa	1 1

a, Pathogens identified on the day of admission (Pseudomonas sp, one out of two MSSA and one out of two S. pneumoniae identified, and Metapneumovirus), total=4.

b, One out of two organisms was Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The same patient also had MRSA in pleural fluid culture after 48 h into hospital admission.