Table 1.

Minerals precipitated in association with bacterial activity*

Mineral	Chemical formula	Reference
Carbonates
Calcite	CaCO3	[30]
Dolomite	CaMg(CO3)2	[111, 112]
Kutnahorite	CaMn(CO3)2	[113]
Siderite	FeCO3	[114]
Magnesite	MgCO3	[54, 115]
Otavite	CdCO3	[116]
Strontianite	SrCO3	[72]
Rhodochrosite	MnCO3	[117]
Cerussite	PbCO3	[118]
Hydrozincite	Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6	[36, 119]
Dypingite	Mg5(CO3)(OH)2·5H2O	[120]
Witherite	BaCO3	[121]
Phosphates
Tricalcium phosphate	Ca3(PO4)2	[78]
Struvite	NH4MgPO4∙6H2O	[74, 113]
Bobierrite	Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O	[74, 122]
Baricite	(MgFe)3(PO4)2·8H2O	[74]
Vivianite	Fe3(PO4)·2H2O	[114]
Autunite	Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2∙10-12H2O	[44]
Uramphite	NH4UO2PO4	[101, 123]
Apatite	Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2	[124]
Pb-hydroxyapatite	Ca2.5Pb7.5(OH)2(PO4)6	[125]
Strengite	FePO4·2H2O	[126, 127]
Variscite	AlPO4·2H2O	[97]
Silicates
Gehlenite	Ca2Al(AlSiO7)	[128]
Silica	SiO2	[129]
Nontronite	Na0.3Fe3+ 2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O	[130]
Chamosite	(Fe5Al)(Si3Al)10(OH)8	[126]
Kaolinite	Al4(Si4O10)(OH)4	[126]
Sulphides
Mackinawite	FeS	[76]
Greigite	Fe3S4	[76, 131]
Pyrite	FeS2	[132]
Covellite	CuS	[133, 134]
Sphalerite	ZnS	[135]
Galena	PbS	[134]
Digenite	Cu9S5	[136]
Sulphates
Gypsum	CaSO4·2H2O	[41, 54]
Celestite	SrSO4	[72]
Barite	BaSO4	[121, 137]
Oxides
Magnetite	Fe3O4	[114]
Hematite	Fe2O3	[23, 138]
Ferrihydrite	Fe2O3·0.5H2O	[138]
Geothite	α-FeO(OH)	[138]
Manganite	MnOOH	[139]
Vernadite	MnO2	[57, 140, 141]
Hausmannite	Mn3O4	[142]
Todorokite	(Ca,Na,K)x(Mn4+,Mn3+)6O10·3.5H2O	[138]
Birnessite	(Na,Ca,K)x(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O	[138]
Uraninite	UO2	[143–145]
Calcium Arsenate	CaHAsO3	[146]

*Note that while these minerals have all been reported to be formed in association with bacterial activity, the mechanisms for their formation are not always known, and some minerals can be formed by multiple different mechanisms. The minerals listed and accompanying sources are non-exhaustive of the examples available in the literature.