Figure 2.

Experimental models to comprehensively analyze gastrointestinal pathophysiology. As the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes gastrointestinal infection remain largely unknown, long-term cultures of human cell lines and organoids are used, given their capacity to maintain lineage functions of the gut and to practically serve for coronavirus-associated transmission and multiplication. Similarly, animal models are essential to efficiently dissect SARS-CoV-2 life cycle steps and to understand detailed gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Created with BioRender.com.