Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population
| Characteristics | Controls | SIRS | Sepsis | Septic Shock | P valueA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=76) | (n=42) | (n=62) | (n=88) | ||
| Male, n (%) | 27 (36%) | 26 (62%) | 35 (56%) | 48 (55%) | 0.030* |
| Age, year | 38±14 | 52±18 | 53±17 | 57±17 | <0.001** |
| CCVD, n (%) | 10 (13%) | 11 (26%) | 15 (24%) | 18 (20%) | <0.001** |
| Infection site, n(%) | |||||
| Lung | – | 24 (57%) | 33 (54%) | 36 (41%) | – |
| Abdomen | – | 8 (20%) | 16 (25%) | 29 (33%) | – |
| Urinary tract | – | 3 (8%) | 6 (10%) | 13 (15%) | – |
| Skin and soft tissue | – | 3 (6%) | 2 (3%) | 2 (2%) | – |
| Blood | – | 3 (6%) | 4 (6%) | 1 (1%) | – |
| Others | – | 1 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 6 (7%) | – |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| TK levels, mg/l | 0.288±0.097 | 0.334±0.148 | 0.495±0.170 | 0.531±0.188 | <0.001** |
| WBC, 109/L | 9.7±3.5 | 13.8±7.1 | 16.2±8.1 | 15.3±8.6 | <0.001** |
| Platelets, 109/L | 252±127 | 208±73 | 117±73 | 113±91 | <0.001** |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 75±50 | 250±377 | 225±247 | 214±140 | <0.001** |
| CRP, mg/L | 8.9±20.9 | 122±77 | 160±104 | 191±259 | <0.001** |
| PCT, ng/mL | 1.6±9.2 | 13.2±19.2 | 32.4±36.9 | 47.5±38.7 | <0.001** |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 78±299 | 278±451 | 1247±1759 | 2111±1962 | <0.001** |
| PO2/FiO2, mmHg | - | 336±68 | 224±56 | 198±48 | - |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.909±0.757 | 2.118±0.824 | 4.119±2.492 | 6.522±4.778 | <0.001** |
| ICU parameters | |||||
| MAP, mmHg | 89±16 | 97±17 | 97±17 | 61±8 | <0.001** |
| ICU days | - | 8±3 | 7±5 | 12±6 | - |
| Catecholamine days | - | 0±0 | 2±1 | 5±3 | - |
| Ventilation days | - | 2±1 | 5±2 | 7±5 | - |
| CRRT days | - | 0±0 | 1±0.8 | 2±1 | - |
| APACHE II score | - | 7±4 | 18±6 | 26±8 | - |
| SOFA score | - | 1±1 | 8±3 | 13±6 | - |
| 28-days mortality, n(%) | 0 (0) | 8 (19%) | 30 (48%) | 61 (69%) | <0.001** |
Notes: Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation of the mean (SD) for continuous variables with normal distributions. A groupwise comparison testing performed using χ2 test for categorical variables and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables with normal distributions. Ap-values for the difference among controls, SIRS patients and patients with sepsis and septic shock, tested with one-way analysis of variance. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.
Abbreviations: CCVD, cardio-cerebrovascular disease; TK, tissue kallikrein; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; IL-6, interleukin 6; PO2, partial pressure of O2; FiO2, fraction of inspiration O2; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial pressure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.