Table 1. Summary of clinical characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 25) | Healthy controls (n = 10) | Patients with GB diseases (n = 15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age | 45.38 ± 20.922 | 25.60 ± 5.79 | 59.50 ± 15.36 | 0.001* |
| Male gender (%) | 58 | 70 | 50 | 0.421 |
| Operation | - | Right hepatectomy and cholecystectomy | Laparoscopic/extended cholecystectomy | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.11 ± 3.10 | 23.60 ± 3.14 | 24.47 ± 3.14 | 0.585 |
| AST, U/L | 38.67 ± 68.09 | 15.20 ± 2.70 | 55.43 ± 86.43 | 0.002* |
| ALT, U/L | 46.29 ± 87.49 | 11.70 ± 5.12 | 71.00 ± 109.30 | 0.011* |
| ALP, U/L | 73.58 ± 41.69 | 61.00 ± 18.79 | 82.57 ± 51.20 | 0.403 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.04 ± 1.23 | 0.67 ± 0.36 | 1.31 ± 1.55 | 0.341 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.19 ± 0.37 | 4.23 ± 0.26 | 4.16 ± 0.43 | 0.886 |
| PT INR | 1.036 ± 0.12 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 1.08 ± 0.13 | 0.002* |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 164.13 ± 30.02 | 151.10 ± 20.57 | 174.99 ± 33.03 | 0.107 |
| TG, mg/dL | 93.59 ± 54.84 | 76.80 ± 24.29 | 107.58 ± 69.20 | 0.314 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.00 ± 11.30 | 53.20 ± 12.34 | 43.67 ± 8.61 | 0.036* |
For each variable, results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
GB = gallbladder, BMI = body mass index, AST = aspartate transaminase, ALT = alanine transaminase, ALP = alkaline phosphatase, PT = prothrombin time, INR = international normalized ratio, TG = triglyceride, HLD-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*Statistically significant results from Mann-Whitney U test.