Figure 3.

Repetitive and social behaviors were altered in SIK1-MT mice. (A) Trajectories of movement of SIK1-WT and -MT mice in the open field arena. (B) Total travel distance of SIK1-WT (n = 9) and -MT (n = 7) mice. (C) The percentage of the time spent in the center of the arena. (D) The total time of vertical activities in the open field. (E) The number of grooming during the observation period. The number of grooming was increased in SIK1-MT mice. (F) Moving trajectories of mice on the elevated plus-maze. (G) The number of entries into open arms of the elevated plus-maze. The number of the entry was unchanged in SIK1-MT mice. (H) The top views of the marble burying test field. Sixteen marbles were placed at the start of the test (top). Buried marbles were counted after 10–min of the test (bottom). (I) The numbers of marbles buried under the woodchip after the test. SIK1-MT mice buried more marbles in this test. (J) The sociability test evaluating the sociability by the time spent with the empty cage (E) vs. the cage with a stranger mouse (S1). Heatmaps represent the stay time of the test mouse. (K) Both WT and SIK1-MT mice interacted more with S1 than E and the preference to E vs. S1 was similar between these mice (graph). (L) Social novelty test evaluating social memory by the time spent with the stranger mouse (S1) versus novel stranger mouse (S2). Heatmaps represent the stay time of the test mouse. (M) WT mice interacted more with S2 than with S1, whereas the preference to S2 was significantly decreased in SIK1-MT mice (graph). Statistical analysis was made by Student's t-test. Statistical significance was indicated by asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).