Table 7.
Results of the moderated mediation analysis.
| Predictors | 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | p | LL | UL | ||
| Independent variable: Vulnerability (X2) | ||||||
| Sex | −0.18 | 0.07 | 0.009 | −0.348 | −0.001 | |
| Age | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.062 | 0.211 | |
| Protection measures-T1 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.163 | |
| Severity (X1 → X2) | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.578 | 0.716 | |
| Mediator: Instrumental coping (M) | ||||||
| Sex | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.023 | 0.034 | 0.650 | |
| Age | −0.16 | 0.06 | 0.009 | −0.313 | −0.005 | |
| Protection measures-T1 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.024 | 0.318 | |
| Vulnerability (X2 → M) | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.0001 | 0.067 | 0.343 | |
| COVID-19 (W) | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.064 | −0.035 | 0.222 | |
| Vulnerability × COVID-19 (X2*W → M) | −0.06 | 0.06 | 0.320 | −0.198 | 0.094 | |
| Dependent variable: Protection Measures (Y) | ||||||
| Sex | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.0001 | 0.067 | 0.343 | |
| Age | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.324 | |
| Protection measures T1 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.578 | 0.716 | |
| Severity-T1 (X1 → Y) | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.009 | 0.015 | 0.319 | |
| Instrumental coping-T1 (M → Y) | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.034 | 0.207 | |
| Self-efficacy-T1 (V → Y) | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.150 | −0.132 | 0.470 | |
| Instrumental coping × self-efficacy (M*V → Y) | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.961 | −0.086 | 0.084 | |
| Vulnerability T1 (X2 → Y) | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.031 | 0.024 | 0.312 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.768 | −0.100 | 0.126 | |
| Vulnerability × COVID-19 (X2*W → Y) | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.032 | 0.274 | |
| Vulnerability T1 × self-efficacy (X2*V → Y) | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.426 | −0.166 | 0.086 | |
| Conditional indirect effects for each value of the moderator | ||||||
| Vulnerability × no exposure COVID-19 (X2 → W1 → Y) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.054 | |
| Vulnerability × exposure COVID-19 (X2 → W2 → Y) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.095 | −0.004 | 0.054 | |
| Instrumental coping × low self-efficacy (M → V1 → Y) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.054 | |
| Instrumental coping × high self-efficacy (M → V2 → Y) | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.046 | 0.001 | 0.154 | |
| Conditional total effects for each value of the moderator | ||||||
| X2 → W1 → Y | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.337 | |
| X2 → W2 → Y | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.016 | 0.009 | 0.328 | |
| M → V1 → Y | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.337 | |
| M → V2 → Y | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.393 | |
| Conditional direct effects for each combination of moderator values | ||||||
| Vulnerability x no exposure COVID-19 × low self-efficacy (X2*W1*V1) | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.031 | 0.024 | 0.312 | |
| Vulnerability x exposure COVID-19 × low self-efficacy (X2*W2*V1) | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.0001 | 0.093 | 0.496 | |
| Vulnerability x no exposure COVID-19 × high-self efficacy (X2*W1*V2) | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.214 | −0.104 | 0.315 | |
| Vulnerability x exposure COVID-19 × high self-efficacy (X2*W2*V2) | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.496 | |
| Combined conditional Indirect effects of Vulnerability on Protection Measures | ||||||
| X2 → W1 × V1 → Y | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.054 | |
| X2 → W2 × V1 → Y | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.095 | −0.004 | 0.054 | |
| X2 → W1 × V2 → Y | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.037 | 0.001 | 0.064 | |
| X2 → W2 × V2 → Y | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.139 | −0.003 | 0.062 | |
| Combines conditional total effects for each combination of moderator values | ||||||
| X2 → W1 × V1 → Y | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.337 | |
| X2 → W2 × V1 → Y | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.0001 | 0.114 | 0.507 | |
| X2 → W1 × V2 → Y | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.125 | −0.008 | 0.335 | |
| X2 → W2 × V2 → Y | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.005 | 0.016 | 0.511 | |
CI, confidence interval; LL, lower limit; UL, Upper limit; Control variables: sex, age, and protection measures in T10.