Table 1.

Measures and operationalisation.

Variables	Cronbach's α	No. of items	Example	References
Resilience competencies
Dynamism	0.849	4	I see changes as a chance for personal growth	Friederichs et al. (2019)
Resistance	0.629	4	Others cannot easily influence me
Flexibility	0.675	4	I can accept decisions even though I do not like them
Occupational demands and stress appraisal			During teacher training, I experienced …
Working conditions and workload (demands)	0.874	6	... The workload (for instance because of many different tasks to manage) as …	Adapted from Van Dick (1999), Rudow (2000), Christ (2004), Christ et al. (2004), Kärner et al. (2016), Boldrini et al. (2019), and Kärner et al. (2019) (see also Figure 2)
Working conditions and workload (appraisal)	0.826	6
Social conditions (demands)	0.711	5	... Conflicts between me and some students as …
Social conditions (appraisal)	0.798	5
Training-related aspects (demands)	0.744	3	... The ambivalent role of my instructor (coach at the one hand, evaluator on the other hand) as …
Training-related aspects (appraisal)	0.708	3
Stress symptoms, well-being, and work experience			During teacher training, …
Physical stress symptoms	0.820	6	... I suffered from headaches	Adapted from Lohaus et al. (2018)
Anger	0.861	4	... I was angry
Anxiety	0.859	4	... I was nervous
Well-being	0.915	4	... I was happy
Emotional exhaustion	0.858	4	... I felt emotional exhausted	Adapted from Maslach and Jackson (1981) and Barth (1985)
Job satisfaction	0.903	5	… I was delighted in what I was doing	Adapted from Westermann et al. (1996), Maes and Van der Doef (1997), Sann (2003), and Affolter (2019)
Job engagement	0.891	9	... I was overflowing with energy	Adapted from Schaufeli and Bakker (2004a)