Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of intelligence mindset and effort-ability attribution.

Survey	Variable	The Chinese sample	The US sample
		M (SD)	M (SD)
Implicit Theories of Intelligence	Mindset of intelligence	3.08 (0.83)	4.12 (1.09)
	Mindset of fluid intelligence	3.38 (0.90)	3.81 (1.16)
	Mindset of crystallized intelligence	4.39 (0.88)	4.74 (0.94)
Effort-Ability Attribution	School-level achievement	5.53 (1.09)	4.85 (1.14)
	Expert-level achievement	2.55 (1.09)	3.44 (1.38)

The Implicit Theories of Intelligence measure used a 6-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating a more growth mindset. The Effort-Ability Attribution measure used a 7-point Likert scale, from 1-Pure ability to 7-Pure effort.