Table 1.

Factors associated with PTSD – Univariate analysis.

Covariates	Total population N (%)	PTSD symptoms absent	PTSD symptoms present	Chi-square value	P-value
AGE, in years (mean age 24)
<24	54 (56.8%)	49 (51.6%)	5 (5.3%)	0.213	0.644
≥24	41 (43.2%)	36 (37. 8%)	5 (5.3%)
Education
Below graduation	52 (54.7%)	47 (49.4%)	5 (5.3%)	4.663	0.324
Graduation and above	43 (45.3%)	38 (40%)	5 (5.3%)
SES
Lower	55 (57.9%)	48 (50.5%)	7 (7.4%)	0.672	0.412
Middle/upper	40 (42.1%)	37 (38.9%)	3 (3.2%)
Place of delivery
Public hospital	42 (44.2%)	35 (36.8%)	7 (7.4%)	3.014	0.83
Private hospital	53 (55.8%)	50 (52.6%)	3 (3.2%)
Type of delivery
Vaginal	46 (48.4%)	43 (45.3%)	3 (3.2%)	4.342	0.114
Instrumental/caesarean	49 (51.6%)	42 (44.2%)	7 (7.4%)
Professional conducting delivery
Doctor	82 (86.3%)	75 (79%)	7 (7.4%)	2.519	0.112
Nurse/midwife	13 (13.7%)	10 (10.5%)	3 (3.2%)
Complications during delivery
Present	19 (20%)	16 (16.8%)	3 (3.2%)	17.612	0.003
Absent	76 (80%)	69 (72.6%)	7 (7.4%)
Pain relief
Received	36 (37.9%)	33 (34.7%)	3 (3.2%)	0.296	0.586
Not received	59 (62.1%)	52 (54.7%)	7 (7.4%)
Childbirth experience (CEQ scores)
Negative	50 (52.6%)	41 (43.2%)	9 (9.4%)	6.260	0.012
Positive	45 (47.4%)	44 (46.3%)	1 (1.1%)
Preterm birth
Present	13 (13.7%)	12 (12.6%)	1 (1.1%)	0.128	0.720
Absent	82 (86.3%)	73 (76.8%)	9 (9.4%)
Low birth weight
Present	15 (15.8%)	14 (14.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0.282	0.596
Absent	80 (84.2%)	71 (74.7%)	9 (9.4%)
Congenital anomalies in infant
Present	2 (2.1%)	2 (2.1%)	0	0.24	0.624
Absent	93 (97.9%)	83 (87.4%)	10 (10.5%)

The values in bold mean statistical significance.