Table 3.
Health Characteristics and Recent Medical Treatment Among the WVCS2 Survey Cohort
| Total (N = 1,141) | Women (n = 586) | Men (n = 555) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General health (VR-12) | 0.85 (0.69–1.06) | 0.14 | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) | 0.02 | |||
| Excellent | 85 (7.4) | 45 (7.7) | 40 (7.2) | ||||
| Very good | 335 (29.3) | 166 (28.4) | 169 (30.5) | ||||
| Good | 431 (38.1) | 211 (36.1) | 220 (39.7) | ||||
| Fair | 238 (20.8) | 129 (22.1) | 109 (19.7) | ||||
| Poor | 50 (4.4) | 34 (5.8) | 16 (2.9) | ||||
| Recent symptoms | |||||||
| Chronic pain in any sitea | 849 (74.5) | 436 (74.5) | 413 (74.4) | 0.99 (0.76–1.30) | 0.96 | 0.71 (0.54–1.06) | 0.11 |
| Back pain | 686 (83.8) | 351 (82.6) | 335 (85.0) | 1.20 (0.82–1.74) | 0.35 | 1.08 (0.69–1.69) | 0.73 |
| Neck pain | 507 (63.6) | 279 (66.6) | 228 (60.3) | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.07 | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.03 |
| Headache or migraine | 512 (64.4) | 299 (71.7) | 213 (56.4) | 0.51 (0.38–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.38–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Stomach or abdominal pain | 341 (43.6) | 204 (48.6) | 137 (37.7) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | 0.002 | 0.64 (0.45–0.89) | 0.009 |
| Joint pain | 712 (85.6) | 359 (83.1) | 353 (88.3) | 1.53 (1.03–2.27) | 0.04 | 1.08 (0.68–1.70) | 0.76 |
| Chest pain | 160 (20.7) | 81 (19.9) | 79 (21.6) | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 0.55 | 1.15 (0.75–1.75) | 0.53 |
| Facial pain | 103 (13.5) | 61 (15.0) | 42 (11.7) | 0.75 (0.50–1.15) | 0.19 | 0.70 (0.43–1.17) | 0.43 |
| Pelvic pain | 167 (21.6) | 110 (26.5) | 57 (15.8) | 0.52 (0.37–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.31–0.72) | <0.001 |
| Pain across the entire body | 224 (28.8) | 126 (30.7) | 98 (26.7) | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.22 | 0.67 (0.46–0.98) | 0.18 |
| Chronic pain in multiple sites | 685 (60.3) | 370 (63.1) | 315 (56.8) | 0.67 (0.39–1.15) | 0.14 | 0.49 (0.26–0.91) | 0.02 |
| Insomnia (ISI) | 352 (35.1) | 176 (34.4) | 176 (35.8) | 1.06 (0.82–1.38) | 0.64 | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 0.69 |
| Depression (PHQ-8) | 338 (30.6) | 193 (33.9) | 145 (27.2) | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) | 0.02 | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.01 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 308 (27.7) | 179 (31.1) | 129 (24.0) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.008 | 0.70 (0.51–0.97) | 0.03 |
| PTSD (PCL-M) | 398 (36.4) | 204 (36.4) | 194 (36.5) | 1.00 (0.79–1.29) | 0.97 | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.97 |
| Alcohol use disorder (AUDIT-C) | 474 (42.3) | 229 (39.8) | 245 (44.7) | 1.22 (0.96–1.54) | 0.11 | 1.49 (1.12–1.98) | 0.006 |
| Drug abuse (DAST-10) | 37 (3.3) | 12 (2.1) | 25 (4.5) | 2.25 (1.12–4.52) | 0.02 | 2.80 (1.22–6.44) | 0.02 |
| Frequency of recent medical treatmentb | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 0.15 | 0.60 (0.41–0.89) | 0.01 | |||
| No visits | 40 (3.5) | 13 (2.2) | 27 (4.9) | ||||
| 1–3 visits | 509 (44.8) | 228 (39.0) | 281 (50.8) | ||||
| 4+ visits | 588 (51.7) | 343 (58.7) | 245 (44.3) | ||||
| Recently treated conditionsb | |||||||
| Severe chronic pain | 427 (37.7) | 223 (38.3) | 204 (37.1) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | 0.67 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.41 |
| Migraine | 287 (25.4) | 177 (30.3) | 110 (20.1) | 0.58 (0.44–0.76) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.47–0.90) | 0.009 |
| Chronic sleep problems | 416 (36.8) | 213 (36.6) | 203 (37.0) | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.90 | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | 0.67 |
| High blood pressure | 225 (19.9) | 83 (14.3) | 142 (25.8) | 2.08 (1.54–2.82) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.41–3.03) | <0.001 |
| Other cardiac problems | 81 (7.2) | 40 (6.9) | 41 (7.5) | 1.09 (0.70–1.72) | 0.70 | 1.05 (0.60–1.84) | 0.87 |
| Diabetes | 77 (6.8) | 24 (4.2) | 53 (9.7) | 2.47 (1.50–4.06) | <0.001 | 2.40 (1.26–4.57) | <0.001 |
| Depression/anxiety/emotional disorder | 493 (43.4) | 290 (49.7) | 203 (36.8) | 0.59 (0.47–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.43–0.76) | <0.001 |
| PTSD | 416 (36.8) | 219 (37.6) | 197 (35.8) | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.53 | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) | 0.46 |
| Alcohol/drug abuse | 54 (4.8) | 23 (4.0) | 31 (5.6) | 1.45 (0.83–2.51) | 0.19 | 1.55 (0.79–3.05) | 0.20 |
Data are presented as n (%). Missing data: 0.6%–12.1%. Bold values denote statistically significant group differences.
a
Of those who reported chronic pain lasting >3 months.
b
In the last 12 months.
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DAST-10, Drug Abuse Screening Test 10; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PCL-M, PTSD Checklist-Military Version; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire-8; VR-12, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.