. 2021 Jul 19;78(9):1–12. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2120

Table 2. Associations of Demographic, Baseline Clinical, and Computed Tomography (CT) Phenotypes With Incomplete Recovery at 2 Weeks and 3, 6, and 12 Months Postinjury in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study^a.

Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
CT phenotypes
Contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma
2 wk	2.22 (1.61-3.06)	<.001
3 mo	1.87 (1.43-2.44)	<.001
6 mo	1.67 (1.28-2.17)	<.001
12 mo	1.80 (1.39-2.33)	<.001
Epidural hematoma
2 wk	3.08 (1.27-7.49)	.01
3 mo	2.33 (1.28-4.24)	.006
6 mo	1.27 (0.74-2.17)	.39
12 mo	1.42 (0.85-2.37)	.18
Intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage
2 wk	2.23 (1.10-4.51)	.03
3 mo	1.16 (0.69-1.93)	.58
6 mo	1.19 (0.74-1.92)	.46
12 mo	1.48 (0.92-2.38)	.10
Demographics
Age (55 vs 26 y)^b	1.17 (1.00-1.37)	.04
Years of education (16 vs 12 y)^b	0.64 (0.57-0.74)	<.001
Sex (male vs female)	0.58 (0.48-0.70)	<.001
Race (White vs Black)	0.76 (0.59-0.98)	.09
Race (White vs other)^c	1.22 (0.89-1.67)	.43
Ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic)	1.11 (0.86-1.43)	.43
Baseline clinical characteristics
Neuropsychiatric history (yes vs no)	1.61 (1.31-1.99)	<.001
Prior traumatic brain injury (yes vs no)	1.39 (1.16-1.67)	<.001

^{^a}

A generalized estimating equation model was used to study the association of demographic, clinical, and CT variables with incomplete recovery (Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended [GOSE] scores <8 vs 8) at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. The model included GOSE scores (<8 vs 8) at each follow-up as the outcome; independent variables included demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, CT phenotypes, data collection points (eg, 2 weeks), and interaction between CT phenotypes and data collection points. An unstructured working correlation matrix was used. The marginal R² of the generalized estimating equation model was 9.1% without CT variables and 11.2% with CT variables.

^{^b}

For the continuous variables (age and years of education), we reported odds ratios comparing the third quartile vs the first quartile.

^{^c}

Other races includes Alaskan Native or Inuit, American Indian, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and unknown categories.

Table 2. Associations of Demographic, Baseline Clinical, and Computed Tomography (CT) Phenotypes With Incomplete Recovery at 2 Weeks and 3, 6, and 12 Months Postinjury in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Studya.

Table 2. Associations of Demographic, Baseline Clinical, and Computed Tomography (CT) Phenotypes With Incomplete Recovery at 2 Weeks and 3, 6, and 12 Months Postinjury in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study^a.