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. 2021 Jul 6;9:695900. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695900

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

(A–C) SEM micrographs of (A) extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel, (B) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel modified with arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD), and (C) highly superporous SIKVAV-modified superporous poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel scaffolds with oriented pores. (D–I) Representative images of the longitudinal sections of the spinal cord lesion after hydrogel injection or implantation into the hemisection cavity. (D,E) Immunofluorescence staining for neurofilaments (NF-160, green) and (E) cell nuclei (DAPI, blue) at 2 weeks after the injection of ECM hydrogel derived from porcine spinal cord. (F,G) Immunofluorescence staining for neurofilaments (NF-160, green), (G) astrocytes (GFAP, red), and cell nuclei (DAPI, blue) at 8 weeks after HA–RGD hydrogel implantation; the square in panel (F) is shown under the higher magnification inset in panel (G). (H,I) Immunofluorescence staining for (H) blood vessels (RECA) and (I) neurofilaments (NF-160, green) at 2 months after the implantation of SIKVAV-modified superporous poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel with parallel-oriented pores. Scale bar: (D,F,H) 500 μmm, (E,G) 50 μmm, and (I) 100 μmm. Modified from (A) Koci et al. (2017), (D,E) Tukmachev et al. (2016), (B,F,G) Zaviskova et al. (2018), and (C,H,I) Kubinova et al. (2015).