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. 2021 Jul 6;9:682469. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682469

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Baicalin accelerates mammary development in an ovariectomized model. (A) Illustration of the baicalin treatment strategy using Actin-DsRed ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Four-week-old OVX mice were treated with baicalin, and mammary glands were harvested from 7- and 9-week-old mice. (B,C) Wholemount staining (red) of mammary glands isolated at from 7-week-old (B) and 9-week-old (C) female mice. The white box indicates the focal structure. The data represent three independent experiments. (D) Quantification of mammary gland duct length indicates that baicalin accelerates the elongation of the mammary gland duct in 7-week-old mice. Student’s t-test: *P < 0.05; ns, not significant. (E) Quantification of lateral branches indicates that baicalin increases the formation of the second and third side branches of mammary glands in 7- but not 9-week-old mice (ns). Student’s t-test: **P < 0.01; ns, not significant. (F,G) FACS analysis of mammary epithelial cells revealed the percentages of Procr+ basal cells in 7-week-old (F) and 9-week-old (G) mice. (H) Quantification analysis indicates that baicalin increases the number of Procr+ basal cells in 7- and 9-week-old mice. Student’s t-test: ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01. (I,J) FACS analysis of mammary epithelial cells revealed the percentages of Sca1+ luminal cells in 7-week-old (I) and 9-week-old (J) mice. (K) Quantification analysis indicates that baicalin decreases the number of Sca1+ luminal cells in 7-week-old mice. Student’s t-test: * P < 0.05; ns, not significant.