Table 2.
Patient Group | n | Cases | n | Controls | n | Outcome/Variable | Observation | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kidney transplant patients | 122 | KIR haplotype B/X | 82 | KIR haplotype AA | 40 | rate of CMV infection 1st year after tx | significantly lower in cases (20%) compared to controls (36%) | Stern et al. (52) |
graft function | no significant differences between case and control | |||||||
rate rejection episodes | no significant differences between case and control | |||||||
rate of EBV, BKV, Herpes simplex | no significant differences between case and control | |||||||
kidney cohort 1:HCMVD+R- patients with antiviral prophylaxis | 76 | >500 copies HCMV/ml within first 6months | 24 | <500 copies HCMV/ml | 52 | frequency of Tel B KIR genes | higher in cases compared to controls | Jones et al. (53) |
Freq Tel B +HIA-C2 | higher in cases compared to controls | |||||||
kidney cohort 2: HCMV D+R- patients without antiviral prophylaxis | 65 | HCMV >50 infected cells | 12 | HCMV<10 infected cells | 35 | Tel AA haplotype | significantly lower incases compared to controls | |
Tel A/X +HIA-C1 | significantly lower in cases compared to controls | |||||||
Tel B/X haplotype | significantly higher in cases compared to controls | |||||||
Tel B/X +HLA-C2 | significantly higher in cases compared to controls | |||||||
Homozygous HLA-C2 | significantly higher in cases compared to controls | |||||||
kidney transplant patients | 196 | two missing KIR ligands | 38 | no or 1 missing KIR ligand | 158 | rate of CMV infection up to 3 months | significantly lower in cases compared to controls | Hadaya et al. (75) |
HLA-C missing KIR ligand | 103 | no HLA-C missing KIR ligand | 93 | rate of CMV infection up to 3 months | significantly lower in cases compared to controls | |||
patients with more activating KIR genes | patients with fewer activating KIR genes | rate of CMV infection up to 12 months | each additional activating KIR gene reduced risk of CMV event by 19% | |||||
kidney transplant patients | 339 | patients with KIR Cen BX haplotype | 192 | patients with KIR Cen AA haplotype | 147 | rate of CMV infection up to 12 months | no significant differences between case and control | Stern et al. (76) |
patients with KIR Tel BX haplotype | 158 | patients with KIR Tel AA haplotype | 181 | rate of CMV infection up to 12 months | significantly lower in cases compared to controls | |||
kidney patients excluding D-R- | 223 | patients with KIR B/X haplotype | patients with KIR AA haplotype | cumulative incidence of CMV in first 2 years | no significant differences between case and control | Gonzalez et al. (77) | ||
kidney patients excluding D-R, receiving ATG | 40 | patients wtih KIR B/X haplotype | patients with KIR AA haplotype | cumulative incidence of CMV in first year | 38% incases vs 48% in controls | |||
heart, kidney, liver, lung tx patients | 649 | patients with KIR B/X haplotype | 473 | patients with KIR AA haplotype | 176 | cumulative incidence of varicella zoster infection (n=28) | significantly lower in cases compared to controls | Schmied et al. (78) |
patients with KIR B/X haplotype | 473 | patients with KIR AA haplotype | 176 | Cumulative incidence of EBV, HSV, BKPyV | no significant differences between case and control | |||
kidney transplant patients | 158 | patients with severe BKV reactivation | 48 | patients with no BKV and stable function | 110 | Tel B/X haplotype | significantly lower incases compared to controls | Trydzenskaya et al. (79) |
first 6 years after transplant | Low number of activating KIR genes (<4) | significantly higher percentage incases compared to controls | ||||||
presence of KRI3DSl | significantly higher in controls compared to cases | |||||||
KIR/HLA match and mismatch | no significant differences between case and control | |||||||
kidney transplant patients | 103 | patients with KIR B/X haplotype | 75 | patients with KIR AA haplotype | 28 | cumulative incidence of BK virus in first 2 years | no significant differences between case and control | Brochot et al. (80) |
kidney transplant patients D+R- | 90 | patients with KIR B/X haplotype | 63 | patients with KIR AA haplotype | 27 | cumulative incidence of CMV in first year | trend towards lower incidence in controls (30%) vs cases (48%) | Michelo et al. (81) |
one or more missing KIR ligands | 38 | no missing KIR ligand | 52 | cumulative incidence of CMV in first year | no significant differences between case and control | |||
kidney transplant patients | 138 | patients with KIR B/X haplotype | 96 | patients with KIR AA haplotype | 42 | cumulative incidence of CMV in first 2 years | trend toward slower incidence in cases (31.2%) vs controls (47.6%) | Deborska-Materkowska et al. (82) |
CMV infection | 50 | no CMV infection | 88 | lack of KIR2DS2 | significantly higher in cases compared to controls | |||
CMV infection | 50 | no CMV infection | 88 | presence of KIR2DL3 | significantly higher in cases compared to controls | |||
CMV infection | 50 | no CMV infection | 88 | presence of KRI2DL2-HLA-C1 | significantly higher in cases compared to controls |
D+, HCMV positive donor; R-, HCMV negative recipient; D-, HCMV negative donor; MVI, microvascular inflammation; DSA, donor specific antibodies.