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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2020 Jul 1;583(7814):66–71. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2433-3

Figure 4. Impact of substitution on mechanical and chemical properties of human enamel crystallites.

Figure 4.

a. Rendering of the scalar pressure, calculated as one third of the trace of the stress tensor, as a measure of residual stress in an FE model of an enamel crystallite. Note that symmetric boundary conditions were applied to two faces (white “S”); values on these represent internal rather than surface stresses. b. View of (a) showing the free surface parallel to the (001) plane. c. Plot of the mole fractions of C (black) and Mg (magenta), and of the residual pressure (blue), against the distance from Q to R. d. SEM image of an acid-etched enamel section in which crystallites emerge end-on, displaying intergranular corrosion (arrowhead) and preferential dissolution of the core (white arrows).