Table 3.
Detailed characteristics of included studies evaluating the outcomes of preemptive plasmapheresis
|
Ref.
|
Country
|
Age
|
Genetic testing
|
Race
|
Time to ESKD
|
Repeat KT
|
Induction
|
IS
|
Donor types
|
Biopsy
|
Follow-up duration
|
| Kawaguchi et al[20], 1994 | Japan | 2-12 yr at FSGS Dx | N/A | Asian | 12–117 mo | ATG only in PP group | CS, CsA, AZA/mizolibine | 13/14 living1/14 DDKT | N/A | N/A | |
| Otsubo et al[21], 1999 | Japan | 22 yr at KT | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | CS, CsA/Tac | CS, CsA/Tac, AZA/mizolibine | 34/37 LRKT, 4/37 DDKT | Per-cause biopsy | N/A |
| Iguchi et al[32], 1997 | Japan | 33.3 (20-43) yr | N/A | Asian | N/A | None | ATG during first 2 wk in PP group | CS, CsA, AZA | 100% LRKT | Intra-op biopsy (1 h) in all cases then as clinically indicated | N/A |
| Ohta et al[33], 2001 | Japan | Age of FSGS onset69.5 ± 36.4 mo (range 9-134 mo) | N/A | Asian | 51.8 ± 29.6 mo (range 7-120) | 1/21 | None | CS, CsA/Tac, AZA/mizolibine | 3/21 DDKT (14%) vs 18/21 (LRKT) | Intra-op biopsy (1 h) in all cases then as clinically indicated | 62.7 (PP group), 41.6 mo (non-PP group) |
| Somers and Baum[34], 2009 | Unite States | 12.5 yr (85% white) | N/A | 85% White | 3 yr (median) | N/A | N/A | CsA-based regimen | 42% living donor | N/A | N/A |
| Gonzalez et al[35], 2011 | United States | Age at KT: 13 ± 5 yr | NPHS2 mutation testing on 10 patients (9 tested negative, 1 with heterozygous mutation) | 29% White, 15% African, 44% Hispanic, 12% others | 4.2 yr (n = 19, recurrence group), 3.1 yr (n = 15, no recurrence group) | Recurrence in previous graft 5/34 | rATG (if ATN) or daclizumab | CS, CsA/Tac, MMF | 15/34 living, 19/34 DDKT | Per-cause biopsy | N/A |
| Miyauchi et al[25], 2011 | Japan | N/A | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | N/A | CS, CsA/Tac, AZA/mizolibine | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Park et al[26], 2014 | South Korea | Age at KT: 39 ± 14 yr (n = 7, recurrence), 36 ± 11 yr (n = 20, no recurrence) | N/A | Asian | 46 ± 44 mo (n = 7, recur group), 68 ± 67 mo (n = 20, no recur group) | none | Basiliximab (20 mg) on days 0 and 4 | CS, CsA/Tac, MMF | 4/27 DDKT, 24/27 living (17/27 LRKT) | Per-cause biopsy | N/A |
| Okumi et al[27], 2015 | Japan | N/A | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | Basiliximab (after 2002) | CS, CsA/Tac, MMF | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Verghese et al[36], 2018 | United States | Age at KT: 13.2 ± 4.5 yr (after 2006 with PP) vs 10.4 ± 5.4 yr (before 2006, no PP) | NPHS2 mutation testing (for those with NPHS2 homozygous mutation, PP not indicated) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 93% received lymphocyte depleting induction | Before 2006: AZA (90%), MMF (16%), CsA (97%), CS (97%). After 2006: AZA (12%), MMF (88%), CsA (62%)/Tac (38%), CS (12%) | DDKT 37% vs Living 63% | Per-cause biopsy | N/A |
| Koyun et al[37], 2019 | Turkey | Age at KT: 7.2 ± 1.2 yr (PP) vs 10.7 ± 4.5 yr (no PP) | Genetic testing (unspecified gene panel): 2/6 + in PP group vs 14/40+ in control group | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | DDKT 20%, Living 80% | N/A | N/A |
| Campise et al[38], 2019 | Italy | Age at FSGS Dx: 27 (15-35) yr. Age at KT: 41 (38-52) yr | Not done | 100% White | 5 (1-10) yr, 33% rapid (< 3 yr) progression to ESKD | (7/21) 33% in PP group; previous graft loss due to recurrence | Basiliximab (20 mg) on days 0 and 4 | CS, Tac, MMF | 100% DDKT | Per-cause biopsy | 45 (30-107) mo |
| Uffing et al[8], 2020 | Unites States, Europe, Brazil | Age at KT: 38 (29–47) yr. Age at FSGS Dx: 27 (17-40) yr | Not done in most patients | 56% White, 11% Black, 5% Hispanic, 5% Asian, 10% mixed, Other or unknown 14% | 38 (14–75) mo | 25%; prior graft loss due to FSGS 9% | rATG (42%), basiliximab (42%), daclizumab (3%), none (13%) | CS + Tac + MMF (72%), CS + CsA + MMF (17%), Tac + MMF (5%), other 6% | 67% DDKT, 22% LRKT, 15% LUKT | Per-cause biopsy | N/A |
N: Number; ESKD: End-stage kidney disease; FSGS: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; PP: Plasmapheresis; KT: Kidney transplantation; RTX: Rituximab; N/A: Not available; LUKT: Living-related kidney transplantation; CS: Corticosteroids; CsA: Cyclosporine; Tac: Tacrolimus; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; AZA: Azathioprine; rATG: Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin; DDKT: Deceased donor kidney transplantation; LRKT: Living-related kidney transplantation.