Table 4.
Detailed characteristics of included studies evaluating the outcomes of preemptive rituximab
|
Ref.
|
Country
|
Age
|
Genetic testing
|
Race
|
Time to ESKD
|
Repeat KT
|
Induction
|
IS
|
DDKT
|
Follow-up duration
|
| Burke et al[22], 2009 | United States | Age at KT: 6-21 yr | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | rATG or daclizumab | CS, Tac, MMF | N/A | N/A |
| Sagheshima et al[23], 2010 | United States | Age at KT: 4-24 yr | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Fornoni et al[24], 2011 | United States | Age at KT: 15 ± 5.5 yr (rituximab), 12.3 ± 5.2 yr (control) | N/A | White 56%, Black 44% | 3.4 ± 2.0 yr (rituximab group), 3.3 ± 2.1 (control) | N/A | Combined thymoglobulin (1 mg/kg, 3–5 doses) and daclizumab. Alemtuzumab in one patient. | CS, Tac, MMF | Preemptive: 3/27 (11%) in rituximab group, 2/14 (14%) in non-rituximab group | N/A |
| Miyauchi et al[25], 2011 | Japan | FSGS undergoing KT | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | N/A | CS, CsA/Tac, AZA/mizolibine | N/A | N/A |
| Park et al[26], 2014 | South Korea | Age at KT: 39 ± 14 (n = 7, recurrence), 36 ± 11 (n = 20, no recurrence) | N/A | Asian | 46 ± 44 mo (n = 7, recur group), 68 ± 67 mo (n = 20, no recur group) | none | Basiliximab (20 mg) on days 0 and 4 | CS, CsA/Tac, MMF | 3/27 DDKT, 24/27 living | N/A |
| Okumi et al[27], 2015 | Japan | N/A | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | Basiliximab (after 2002) | CS, CsA/Tac, MMF | N/A | N/A |
| Futamura et al[28], 2016 | Japan | N/A | N/A | Asian | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Alasfar et al[29], 2018 | United States | Age at FSGS Dx: 29.9 ± 17.2. Age at KT: 38 ± 16.5 | N/A | White 56%, Black 32%, Asian 7%, Hispanic 4% | 4 (0–9) yr | 37% (42/66 63% first transplant) | Depleting agent 92% | CS + Tac + MMF (92%), CS + CsA + MMF (8%) | DDKT 37%, LUKT 37%, LRKT 25% | 29.5 mo |
| Lu et al[30], 2018 | United States | Age at KT: 44 | N/A | White 64% | N/A | 0% | N/A | CS, Tac, MMF | N/A | N/A |
| Auñón et al[31], 2021 | Spain | Age at FSGS Dx: 24.5 ± 18.5 (rituximab group), 30 ± 13.7 (non-rituximab group). Age at KT: 35.0 ± 15.2 (R group), 42.4 ± 12.2 (non-R group) | Excluded suspected genetic causes of FSGS | N/A | 5.12 ± 4.44 (R group), 7.58 ± 7.11 (Non-R group) | 7/34 (21%); recurrence in previous graft 2/12 (16.7%) in R group vs 2/22 (9.1%) In non-R group | Rituximab group: rATG 16.7%, basiliximab 50%. Non-rituximab group: rATG 40.9%, basiliximab 22.7% | CS + Tac + MMF (93.3%) | 85.3% DDKT, 11.8% LRKT, 2.9% LUKT | N/A |
| Mukku et al[39], 2021 | United States | Age at KT: 35 yr | N/A | White 39%, Black 27% | N/A | 2/8 pre-emptive group vs 0/10 | rATG (61%), alemtuzumab (22%), basiliximab (17%) | CS + Tac + MMF (83%), CS + CsA + MMF (17%) | 89% DDKT | 30 (1-36) mo |
N: Number; ESKD: End-stage kidney disease; FSGS: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; RRT: Renal replacement therapy; PP: Plasmapheresis; IS: Immunosuppression; KT: Kidney transplantation; RTX: Rituximab; CS: Corticosteroids; CsA: Cyclosporine; Tac: Tacrolimus; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; AZA: Azathioprine; rATG: Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin; DDKT: Deceased donor kidney transplantation; LRKT: Living-related kidney transplantation; LUKT: Living-related kidney transplantation; N/A: Not available.