Table 1.
Schematic overview of the clinical studies investigating the association between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
|
Ref.
|
Study population (disease)
|
Total patients (n)
|
AIP type 1 (n)
|
Cancer (overall) (n)
|
Pancreatic cancer (n)
|
Median follow-up (yr)
|
Additional specifications
|
| Yamamoto et al[17] (Japan, 2012) | IgG4-RD | 106 | 10 | 2 | 0 | NA | - |
| Shiokawa et al[18] (Japan, 2013) | AIP | 108 | 104 | 18 | 0 | 3.3 | These 18 malignancies were diagnosed in 15 patients. |
| Hart et al[15] (International, 2013) | AIP | 1064 | 978 | 57 | 5 | NA | No patients with AIP type 2 developed any malignancies. |
| Gupta et al[25] (United States, 2013) | CP | 58 | 11 | NA | 7 (PanIN) | N/A | Retrospective analysis of patients with CP. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of PanIN between ordinary CP and AIP: in the latter group, no difference between type 1 and type 2. In general, the only case of PanIN3 was detected in one AIP type 1 specimen. |
| Gupta et al[25] (United States, 2013) | AIP | 84 | NA | NA | 2 | 4.1 | These 2 cases of pancreatic cancer were diagnosed in type 1 AIP patients. |
| Hart et al[19] (United States, 2014) | AIP | 116 | 116 | 23 | 1 | 3.6 | - |
| Hirano et al[20] (Japan, 2014) | IgG4-RD | 113 | 95 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 2 IgG4-RD patients diagnosed with malignancy (out of 14) were not affected with AIP. |
| Huggett et al[16] (United Kingdom, 2014) | IgG4-RD | 115 | 106 | 13 | 3 | 2.7 | Of these 3 cases of pancreatic malignancies, 2 were cholangiocarcinoma cases and 1 was a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. |
| Ikeura et al[26] (Japan, 2014) | AIP | 63 | 63 | NA | 3 | 5.2 | - |
| Shimizu et al[21] (Japan, 2015) | AIP | 84 | 84 | 9 | 1 | 4.5 | - |
| Buijs et al[22] (The Netherlands, 2015) | AIP | 107 | 96 | 8 | 0 | 6.25 | - |
| Ngwa et al[27] (United States, 2015) | AIP | 99 | 99 | NA | 0 | NA | The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of elevated sgG4 levels in patients with AIP and pancreatic cancer and potential prognostic implications of those in patients with pancreatic cancer. |
| Xiang et al[28] (China, 2019) | AIP | 74 | 74 | NA | 4 | NA | 3 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 1 with cholangiocarcinoma. There was also 1 case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. |
| Tang et al[31] (China, 2020) | IgG4-RD | 587 | NA | 17 | 0 | 5.1 | - |
| Ishikawa et al[32] (Japan, 2020) | AIP | 123 | 123 | NA | 2 | 4.6 | - |
AIP: Autoimmune pancreatitis; CP: Chronic pancreatitis; IgG4-RD: Immunoglobulin G 4-related disease; N/A: Not applicable; NA: Not available; PanIN: Pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia.