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. 2021 Jul 20;3(3):zcab030. doi: 10.1093/narcan/zcab030

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of NAR Cancer.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 4. — Examples of chemical structures of some common ligand-conjugates used to deliver miRNAs or siRNAs to diseased cells. The ligand structure is indicated in blue followed by the linker and the RNA. (A) Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: tri-GalNAc ligand conjugated to an siRNA to target the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on liver hepatocytes. (B) Kasinski group: folate conjugated to miR-34a through an unreleasable (top) or releasable (bottom, shown in red) linker for targeting folate-receptor (FR) expressing cancer cells (C) Desaulniers group: folate conjugated to the center of an siRNA for targeting FR expressing cancer cells. (D) Lieberman group: an EpCAM aptamer linked to an siRNA for targeting EpCAM⁺ epithelial breast cancers; U-U-U, linker. (E) Kortylewski group: CpG (D19) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) conjugated to miR-146a for treatment of inflammatory disorders and inhibition of leukemia progression; Asterisks, phosphorothioated bonds; x, C3 units of a carbon linker.