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. 2021 Jul 6;15:648860. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.648860

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Copyright © 2021 Chen and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The schematics for the proposed mechanism of consciousness. Consciousness requires a form of neural activity that is metabolically expensive while the loss of consciousness is related to an uncoupling between the neural activity and brain energy, which can be measured by functional neuroimaging [PET-CT and functional MRI (fMRI)] and neurophysiological [electroencephalogram (EEG)] and neurochemical [magnetic resonance spectrum (MRS)] techniques in the form of functional connectivity (FC) within and between the brain regions. The pattern of FC is believed to be related to the level of consciousness.