Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jul 6;9:665321. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665321

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Manzo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Once implanted and vascularized, a tumor could grow rapidly, invading host tissues, spreading in the circulation, and installing in distant pre-metastatic niches, thanks to progression checkpoint factors (HLA-G, HSP70, miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, ITGs, and GFs) released in extracellular vesicles (exosomes in particular) by cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) and able to impair all immune cells.