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. 2021 Jul 6;11:676638. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676638

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Copyright © 2021 Gregory, Ellis, Valeriani, Khan, Wu, Murin, Alibayov, Vidal, Zhao and Vidal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Minimum inhibitory concentration of MoWa against MRSA and MSSA strains. S. aureus strain (A) NRS408, (B) NRS49, (C) NRS236, (D) NRS230, or (E) NRS242 was inoculated in a six-well plate and treated with a mixture levulinic acid (LA) and SDS at a concentration of 1/0.04 M, 0.52/0.02 M, or 0.26/0.01 M for 1 h. Bacteria were removed, diluted and plated onto BHI agar plates containing 7% of NaCl to obtain colony counts (cfu/ml). Error bars represent the standard errors of the means calculated using data from at least three independent experiments. *p<0.05 compared to control.