Table 2.
Demographic and risk factors in the association with thyroid cancer risk
| Variable | All | Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Univariable | Multivariablea) | Univariable | Multivariablea) | Univariable | Multivariablea) | |
| Family history of thyroid cancer | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Yes | 3.00 (1.64–5.49)b) | 2.97 (1.60–5.55)b) | 9.00 (1.14–71.0)b) | 8.76 (1.01–75.9)b) | 2.54 (1.34–4.82)b) | 2.49 (1.28–4.81)b) |
|
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| Marital status | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Married | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Others | 1.16 (0.83–1.63) | 1.39 (0.96–2.00) | 1.08 (0.49–2.37) | 1.20 (0.50–2.88) | 1.18 (0.81–1.72) | 1.44 (0.95–2.19) |
|
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| Educational level | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Middle school or less | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| High school | 0.71 (0.51–0.93) | 0.73 (0.50–1.06) | 0.61 (0.28–1.34) | 0.49 (0.19–1.27) | 0.73 (0.49–1.10) | 0.78 (0.51–1.18) |
|
| ||||||
| College or more | 0.86 (0.60–1.23) | 0.90 (0.62–1.33) | 0.77 (0.37–1.60) | 0.58 (0.22–1.49) | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 0.98 (0.63–1.51) |
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| Occupation | ||||||
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| ||||||
| Professions, office workers, housewives | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Sales, service | 0.69 (0.51–0.93)b) | 0.69 (0.50–0.94)b) | 0.76 (0.47–1.24) | 0.73 (0.41–1.30) | 0.66 (0.45–0.97) | 0.68 (0.46–1.02) |
|
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| Agriculture, laborer, unemployed, others | 0.93 (0.64–1.36) | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 1.14 (0.65–2.00) | 1.17 (0.59–2.33) | 0.78 (0.46–1.33) | 0.70 (0.40–1.21) |
|
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| Incomec) (US $/mo) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| < $1,667 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| $1,667–$3,333 | 1.28 (0.86–1.90) | 1.51 (1.03–2.23)b) | 3.53 (1.41–8.81)b) | 3.21 (1.24–8.32)b) | 0.95 (0.60–1.49) | 1.24 (0.80–1.93) |
|
| ||||||
| > $3,333 | 1.15 (0.78–1.68) | 1.22 (0.83–1.79) | 2.45 (1.01–5.94)b) | 2.31 (0.90–5.97) | 0.97 (0.62–1.50) | 1.03 (0.67–1.60) |
|
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| Smoking status | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Ever | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | 0.82 (0.51–1.31) | 0.88 (0.51–1.51) | 0.63 (0.38–1.05) | 0.63 (0.37–1.08) |
|
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| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Never | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Ever | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 0.93 (0.56–1.56) | 1.03 (0.57–1.84) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) |
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| Body mass index group (kg/m2) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Normal (< 23.0) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
| ||||||
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 1.46 (1.10–1.93)b) | 1.50 (1.12–2.00)b) | 2.68 (1.50–4.78)b) | 2.66 (1.42–4.97)b) | 1.21 (0.88–1.68) | 1.28 (0.91–1.81) |
|
| ||||||
| Obese (≥ 25.0) | 1.54 (1.18–2.01)b) | 1.62 (1.23–2.14)b) | 2.62 (1.56–4.38)b) | 2.78 (1.57–4.92)b) | 1.28 (0.92–1.76) | 1.30 (0.93–1.84) |
Values are presented as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals from a conditional logistic regression model.
a)
Mutually adjusted for family history of thyroid cancer, marital status, educational level, occupation, monthly income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index group,
b)
Significant difference,
c)
Income was converted from Korean Won (KRW) to US dollar (US $) with currency rate of 2020 (1,200 KRW is approximately equal to one US $).