Table 3.
Multivariate analysis by proportional subdistribution hazards model and cause-specific hazards model for CSD among patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
| Variables | Proportional subdistribution hazards model | Cause-specific hazards model | ||||||
| Coefficient | sdHR | 95% CI | P value | Coefficient | csHR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age | −0.004 | 0.996 | 0.987 to 1.005 | 0.340 | 0.009 | 1.009 | 1.000 to 1.018 | 0.039 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Female | 0.392 | 1.480 | 1.241 to 1.764 | <0.001 | 0.301 | 1.351 | 1.134 to 1.611 | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Black | 0.242 | 1.274 | 0.873 to 1.858 | 0.210 | 0.348 | 1.416 | 0.990 to 2.027 | 0.057 |
| Other | 0.201 | 1.223 | 0.930 to 1.607 | 0.150 | 0.164 | 1.178 | 0.899 to 1.544 | 0.235 |
| Site | ||||||||
| Renal pelvis | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Ureter | −0.110 | 0.895 | 0.734 to 1.092 | 0.280 | −0.106 | 0.899 | 0.732 to 1.105 | 0.313 |
| Grade | ||||||||
| Well | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Moderate | −0.034 | 0.966 | 0.398 to 2.343 | 0.940 | 0.009 | 1.009 | 0.407 to 2.502 | 0.985 |
| Poor | 0.763 | 2.145 | 0.971 to 4.739 | 0.059 | 0.908 | 2.479 | 1.097 to 5.601 | 0.029 |
| Undifferential | 0.658 | 1.931 | 0.878 to 4.245 | 0.100 | 0.772 | 2.165 | 0.961 to 4.875 | 0.062 |
| Size | ||||||||
| <2 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 2–4 | 0.442 | 1.556 | 1.092 to 2.216 | 0.014 | 0.414 | 1.513 | 1.043 to 2.196 | 0.029 |
| ≥4 | 0.791 | 2.205 | 1.575 to 3.087 | <0.001 | 0.881 | 2.414 | 1.691 to 3.447 | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| No/unknown | 0.791 | 2.205 | 1.292 to 3.761 | 0.004 | 0.752 | 2.120 | 0.990 to 4.539 | 0.053 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| No/unknown | −0.219 | 0.803 | 0.594 to 1.087 | 0.160 | −0.240 | 0.787 | 0.595 to 1.040 | 0.092 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| No/unknown | 0.025 | 1.025 | 0.829 to 1.269 | 0.820 | 0.171 | 1.187 | 0.972 to 1.450 | 0.093 |
| Distant metastasis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.881 | 2.414 | 1.842 to 3.163 | <0.001 | 1.252 | 3.497 | 2.741 to 4.460 | <0.001 |
| LNE | −0.012 | 0.988 | 0.971 to 1.006 | 0.200 | −0.013 | 0.987 | 0.972 to 1.002 | 0.091 |
| LNP | 0.062 | 1.064 | 1.022 to 1.107 | 0.002 | 0.069 | 1.072 | 1.032 to 1.113 | <0.001 |
| LNR | 0.627 | 1.873 | 1.435 to 2.445 | <0.001 | 0.934 | 2.544 | 1.965 to 3.294 | <0.001 |
CSD, cancer-specific death; csHR, cause-specific HR; LNE, lymph nodes examined; LNP, lymph nodes positive; LNR, lymph nodes ratio; sdHR, subdistribution HR.