Table 4.
Multivariate Analysis of Associations of Acculturative Stress Subscales with Sleep Duration in Korean American Immigrants
| Women (n=161) | Men (n=182) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 β (SE) |
Model 2 β (SE) |
Model 3 β (SE) |
Model 1 β (SE) |
Model 2 β (SE) |
Model 3 β (SE) |
|
| Acculturative Stress subscales | ||||||
| Homesickness | −12.63 (9.10) | −22.37* (9.27) | −23.19* (9.79) | −2.66 (6.88) | −3.95 (7.01) | −5.41 (7.23) |
| Isolation | −3.90 (8.51) | 1.06 (8.78) | 2.61 (8.69) | −11.58* (5.85) | −13.87* (5.78) | −13.73* (5.89) |
| Employment barrier | 1.66 (7.89) | −1.13 (7.90) | 0.68 (8.01) | 9.72 (7.14) | 9.85 (7.11) | 8.85 (7.21) |
| Discrimination | −12.24 (10.42) | −13.60 (10.57) | −18.9+ (10.59) | 10.11 (7.68) | 10.02 (7.54) | 10.49 (7.66) |
| Civic disengagement | 8.90 (6.99) | 18.96* (7.53) | 17.75* (7.76) | −9.80 (6.03) | −7.02 (6.18) | −7.34 (6.35) |
| Family problem | −5.48 (11.67) | −8.80 (12.11) | −2.88 (12.34) | 1.09 (8.23) | −0.10 (8.41) | 2.42 (8.71) |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Age | −2.08** (0.65) | −2.41** (0.75) | −0.02 (0.56) | −0.32 (0.61) | ||
| Income (ref: < $40,000) | −14.63 (14.87) | −9.89 (14.75) | 13.51 (11.07) | 14.45 (11.36) | ||
| Employment status (ref: unemployment) | 15.58 (12.26) | 16.38 (12.39) | −20.02* (9.02) | −18.85* (9.31) | ||
| Marital status (ref: unmarried) | 22.08 (14.70) | 20.47 (14.59) | −5.67 (9.17) | −6.57 (9.58) | ||
| Comorbidity index | −3.50 (3.60) | −3.88 (3.61) | −3.64 (2.93) | −3.61 (2.97) | ||
| Sleep environment | −0.26 (0.98) | 0.33 (0.99) | −1.32* (0.61) | 1.33* (0.63) | ||
| Acculturation-related variables | ||||||
| Korean orientation | −0.19 (4.88) | 0.92 (2.90) | ||||
| American orientation | −14.17** (4.72) | −0.27 (2.95) | ||||
| English proficiency | 5.84 (4.23) | −0.70 (3.05) | ||||
| Age immigrated to the U.S. | 0.43 (0.99) | 0.74 (0.69) | ||||
| Korean neighborhood (ref: not living) | −14.51 (12.39) | −8.94 (8.33) | ||||
+
p<.1
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
Model 1 = Six sub-scales of acculturative stress
Model 2 = Model 1 + Covariates (age, income, employment, marital status, comorbidity index, sleep environment)
Model 3 = Model 2 + acculturation-related variables (Korean orientation, American orientation, English proficiency, age immigrated to the U.S., and living in the Korean dominant neighborhood)