Table 3.

Provider Reported Adherence to 2019 AASLD Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Practice Guidance

Guidance statement	Provider Reported Adherence (“Usually” or “Always”)
All patients receiving care in primary care and GI/hepatology outpatient clinics, ED, and inpatient admissions should be screened routinely for alcohol use using validated questionnaires.	22%
Alcohol biomarkers can be used to aid in diagnosis and support recovery. Urine and hair EtG, urine EtS, and PEth are not affected by liver disease, and therefore are preferable.	40%
Referral to AUD treatment professionals is recommended for patients with advanced ALD and/or AUD, to ensure access to the full range of AUD treatment options.	61%
Patients with ALD or other liver diseases, in particular NAFLD, NASH, viral hepatitis, and hemochromatosis, should be counseled that there is no safe level of drinking, and that they should abstain.	60%
Based on limited data, the use of acamprosate or baclofen can be considered for the treatment of AUD in patients with ALD.	29%*

AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; AUD, alcohol use disorder, ED, emergency department; EtG, ethyl glucuronide; EtS, urine ethyl sulfate; GI, gastroenterology; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PEth, phosphatidylethanol.

^*Combined reported rates of acamprosate and baclofen prescribing in patients with AUD and ALD.