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. 2018 Dec 22;6(1):32–54. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwy153

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 6. — Approaches to improve readout quality and a crossbar network for large-scale integration. (a) SEM image of a device using an rf-QPC, indicating ohmic contacts (boxes), fast gate lines, impedance-matching circuit, grounded contacts, and the external magnetic field direction. (Adapted from [145].) (b) Picture of a silicon device with an adjacent cryogenic amplifier circuit mounted on printed circuit board. (Adapted from [150].) (c) False-color SEM image of a device using an rf gate sensor. One electrode (blue) is coupled directly via a bondwire to an off-chip Nb/Al₂O₃ superconducting lumped-element resonator. (Adapted from [152].) (d) Diagram of the device using a distributed superconducting resonator with the input field . The output field is sent to a JPA through a circulator and then demodulated into the I and Q quadratures with a local oscillator tone . A directional coupler is used to couple the pump field at frequency (Adapted from [158].) (e) and (f) are a 3D model and schematic representation of the crossbar network for a 2D quantum-dot array. CLs (blue), RLs (red), and QLs (gray) connect the qubit grid to outside electronics for control and readout [39].

Inline graphic — Approaches to improve readout quality and a crossbar network for large-scale integration. (a) SEM image of a device using an rf-QPC, indicating ohmic contacts (boxes), fast gate lines, impedance-matching circuit, grounded contacts, and the external magnetic field direction. (Adapted from [145].) (b) Picture of a silicon device with an adjacent cryogenic amplifier circuit mounted on printed circuit board. (Adapted from [150].) (c) False-color SEM image of a device using an rf gate sensor. One electrode (blue) is coupled directly via a bondwire to an off-chip Nb/Al₂O₃ superconducting lumped-element resonator. (Adapted from [152].) (d) Diagram of the device using a distributed superconducting resonator with the input field . The output field is sent to a JPA through a circulator and then demodulated into the I and Q quadratures with a local oscillator tone . A directional coupler is used to couple the pump field at frequency (Adapted from [158].) (e) and (f) are a 3D model and schematic representation of the crossbar network for a 2D quantum-dot array. CLs (blue), RLs (red), and QLs (gray) connect the qubit grid to outside electronics for control and readout [39].