Table 2.
Transformation | Gene | Precise editing | Imprecise | Editing | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
System type | Base editor | Guide | Promoter | Cas9 | UGI | Species | method | target | rate | editing rate | window | Reference |
ABE | ABE6.3 | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | Arabidopsis | Agrobacterium | FT | 85% | <0.1% | 5–9 | [102] | |
ABE7.8 | AtYAO | ALS | ||||||||||
ABE7.9 | AtRPS5a | LFY | ||||||||||
ABE7.10 | PDS | |||||||||||
ABE7.8 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9 | Rice | Agrobacterium | MPK6 | 17.64% | ND | 4–6 | [116] | ||
ABE7.10 | Cas9n | MPK13 | 6.45% | |||||||||
SERK2 | 32.05% | |||||||||||
WRKY45 | 62.26% | |||||||||||
Tms9–1 | 0% | |||||||||||
ABE7.10 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | SPL14 | 4.8–61.3% | ND | 5–10 | [117] | ||
OsU6::SasgRNA | SaCas9n | SPL16 | ||||||||||
SPL17 | ||||||||||||
SPL18 | ||||||||||||
SLR1 | ||||||||||||
LOC_Os02g247 | ||||||||||||
ABE7.10 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | VQR-SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | SPL14 | 0–74.3% | ND | 3–14 | [17] | ||
OsU6::SpsgRNA | VRER-SpCas9n | SPL16 | ||||||||||
OsU6::SasgRNA | KKH-SaCas9n | SPL17 | ||||||||||
SPL18 | ||||||||||||
GRF4 | ||||||||||||
TOE1 | ||||||||||||
IDS1 | ||||||||||||
OMTN1 | ||||||||||||
SNB | ||||||||||||
SPL13 | ||||||||||||
ABE7.10 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | ACC | 3.2–59.1% | <0.1% | 4–8 | [118] | ||
OsU3::esgRNA | DEP1 | |||||||||||
OsU3::tRNA-sgRNA | NRT1.1B | |||||||||||
ABE7.10 | TaU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Wheat | Biolistic | DEP1 | 0.4–1.1% | |||||
TaU6-esgRNA | GW2 | |||||||||||
TaU6-tRNA-sgRNA | ||||||||||||
CBE | PmCDA1-At | OsU6::sgRNA | 35S | dCas9-Os | Rice | Agrobacterium | GFP | 3.41%–18.3% | NA | [98] | ||
Cas9n-Os | ALS | |||||||||||
PmCDA1-At | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n-At | Tomato | Agrobacterium | DELLA | Avg. 57.8% | Avg. 46.6% | 1–3 | |||
PmCDA1-Hs | ETR1 | |||||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | dCas9 | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | CDC48 | 43.48% | <0.06% | 3–8 | [95] | |
Cas9n | NRT1.1B | |||||||||||
SPL14 | ||||||||||||
Wheat | Biolistic | LOX2 | 1% | ND | ||||||||
Maize | Agrobacterium | CENH3 | 10% | |||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | NRT1.1B | 2.70% | 10.80% | 4–8 | [97] | ||
SLR1 | 13.30% | 8.90% | ||||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | PDS | 2–40% | 18%-25% | 1–10 | [96] | |
SBEIIb | ||||||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | AtU6::sgRNA | EC1 | Cas9n | UGI | Arabidopsis | Agrobacterium | ALS | 1.7% | NA | 4–9, PAM | [100] | |
rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | SERK1 | 17.0% | ND | 2–8 | [119] | |
ZmUBI | VQR-Cas9n | SERK2 | 10.5% | |||||||||
SPL14 | 38.90% | |||||||||||
pi-ta | 18.20% | |||||||||||
hAID | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | pi-d2kit | 30.80% | 19.2% | 3–7 | [99] | ||
FLS2 | 57% | 81.90% | ||||||||||
hAID | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | AOS1 | 23.30% | 7.30% | 1–12 | ||||
JAR1 | 21.70% | 5.80% | ||||||||||
JAR2 | 11.80% | 0% | ||||||||||
COI2 | 69.40% | 27.80% | ||||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | AOS1 | 8.30% | 2.10% | 3–9 | ||||
JAR1 | 17.00% | 2.10% | ||||||||||
JAR2 | 13.30% | 3.30% | ||||||||||
COI2 | 73.30% | 13.50% | ||||||||||
rAPOBEC1 | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | UGI | Watermelon | Agrobacterium | ALS | 23.0% | NA | 7–8 | [101] | |
rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | PMS1 | 0–80% | ND | 4–15 | [17] | |
OsU6::SpsgRNA | VQR-SpCas9n | Biolistic | PMS3 | |||||||||
OsU6::SasgRNA | KKH-SaCas9n | SPL14 | ||||||||||
SPL17 | ||||||||||||
SNB |
Bold letters are used when there were exceptionally good base editing effects. ND: not detected; NA: not available.