Table 2.
Summary of the efficiencies of different plant base editing tools.
| Transformation | Gene | Precise editing | Imprecise | Editing | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| System type | Base editor | Guide | Promoter | Cas9 | UGI | Species | method | target | rate | editing rate | window | Reference |
| ABE | ABE6.3 | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | Arabidopsis | Agrobacterium | FT | 85% | <0.1% | 5–9 | [102] | |
| ABE7.8 | AtYAO | ALS | ||||||||||
| ABE7.9 | AtRPS5a | LFY | ||||||||||
| ABE7.10 | PDS | |||||||||||
| ABE7.8 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9 | Rice | Agrobacterium | MPK6 | 17.64% | ND | 4–6 | [116] | ||
| ABE7.10 | Cas9n | MPK13 | 6.45% | |||||||||
| SERK2 | 32.05% | |||||||||||
| WRKY45 | 62.26% | |||||||||||
| Tms9–1 | 0% | |||||||||||
| ABE7.10 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | SPL14 | 4.8–61.3% | ND | 5–10 | [117] | ||
| OsU6::SasgRNA | SaCas9n | SPL16 | ||||||||||
| SPL17 | ||||||||||||
| SPL18 | ||||||||||||
| SLR1 | ||||||||||||
| LOC_Os02g247 | ||||||||||||
| ABE7.10 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | VQR-SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | SPL14 | 0–74.3% | ND | 3–14 | [17] | ||
| OsU6::SpsgRNA | VRER-SpCas9n | SPL16 | ||||||||||
| OsU6::SasgRNA | KKH-SaCas9n | SPL17 | ||||||||||
| SPL18 | ||||||||||||
| GRF4 | ||||||||||||
| TOE1 | ||||||||||||
| IDS1 | ||||||||||||
| OMTN1 | ||||||||||||
| SNB | ||||||||||||
| SPL13 | ||||||||||||
| ABE7.10 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | ACC | 3.2–59.1% | <0.1% | 4–8 | [118] | ||
| OsU3::esgRNA | DEP1 | |||||||||||
| OsU3::tRNA-sgRNA | NRT1.1B | |||||||||||
| ABE7.10 | TaU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | Wheat | Biolistic | DEP1 | 0.4–1.1% | |||||
| TaU6-esgRNA | GW2 | |||||||||||
| TaU6-tRNA-sgRNA | ||||||||||||
| CBE | PmCDA1-At | OsU6::sgRNA | 35S | dCas9-Os | Rice | Agrobacterium | GFP | 3.41%–18.3% | NA | [98] | ||
| Cas9n-Os | ALS | |||||||||||
| PmCDA1-At | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n-At | Tomato | Agrobacterium | DELLA | Avg. 57.8% | Avg. 46.6% | 1–3 | |||
| PmCDA1-Hs | ETR1 | |||||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | dCas9 | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | CDC48 | 43.48% | <0.06% | 3–8 | [95] | |
| Cas9n | NRT1.1B | |||||||||||
| SPL14 | ||||||||||||
| Wheat | Biolistic | LOX2 | 1% | ND | ||||||||
| Maize | Agrobacterium | CENH3 | 10% | |||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | NRT1.1B | 2.70% | 10.80% | 4–8 | [97] | ||
| SLR1 | 13.30% | 8.90% | ||||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU3::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | PDS | 2–40% | 18%-25% | 1–10 | [96] | |
| SBEIIb | ||||||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | AtU6::sgRNA | EC1 | Cas9n | UGI | Arabidopsis | Agrobacterium | ALS | 1.7% | NA | 4–9, PAM | [100] | |
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | SERK1 | 17.0% | ND | 2–8 | [119] | |
| ZmUBI | VQR-Cas9n | SERK2 | 10.5% | |||||||||
| SPL14 | 38.90% | |||||||||||
| pi-ta | 18.20% | |||||||||||
| hAID | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | Rice | Agrobacterium | pi-d2kit | 30.80% | 19.2% | 3–7 | [99] | ||
| FLS2 | 57% | 81.90% | ||||||||||
| hAID | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | AOS1 | 23.30% | 7.30% | 1–12 | ||||
| JAR1 | 21.70% | 5.80% | ||||||||||
| JAR2 | 11.80% | 0% | ||||||||||
| COI2 | 69.40% | 27.80% | ||||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::sgRNA | ZmUBI | Cas9n | UGI | AOS1 | 8.30% | 2.10% | 3–9 | ||||
| JAR1 | 17.00% | 2.10% | ||||||||||
| JAR2 | 13.30% | 3.30% | ||||||||||
| COI2 | 73.30% | 13.50% | ||||||||||
| rAPOBEC1 | AtU6::sgRNA | 35S | Cas9n | UGI | Watermelon | Agrobacterium | ALS | 23.0% | NA | 7–8 | [101] | |
| rAPOBEC1 | OsU6::SpsgRNA | ZmUBI | SpCas9n | UGI | Rice | Agrobacterium | PMS1 | 0–80% | ND | 4–15 | [17] | |
| OsU6::SpsgRNA | VQR-SpCas9n | Biolistic | PMS3 | |||||||||
| OsU6::SasgRNA | KKH-SaCas9n | SPL14 | ||||||||||
| SPL17 | ||||||||||||
| SNB |
Bold letters are used when there were exceptionally good base editing effects. ND: not detected; NA: not available.