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. 2019 Mar 4;6(3):562–578. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz030

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Development pathways of interfacial vapor generation driven by solar irradiance. (a) Natural evaporation of bulk water. (b) Conventional solar pond evaporation with black coating at the bottom. (c) Suspended nanoparticles (absorber) enabled evaporation. (d) Suspended absorber (below the water/air interface) enabled evaporation. (e) Direct-contact absorber enabled evaporation at the water/air interface. (f) Indirect-contact absorber enabled evaporation.