Table 1. Baseline characteristics of clusters and women in intervention sites using QUiPP app versus control sites (n = 1,872).
| Characteristic | Intervention | Control | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster level | |||
| Number of hospitals, n | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| Maternity service n (%) • Secondary • Tertiary |
867 (79.2) 228 (20.8) |
938 (55.0) 768 (45.0) |
1,805 (64.4) 996 (35.6) |
| Neonatal service, n (%) • Special care unit (level 1) • Local neonatal unit (level 2) • NICU (level 3) |
617 (56.3) 198 (18.1) 280 (25.6) |
938 (55.0) 0 (0.0%) 768 (45.0) |
1,555 (55.5) 198 (7.1) 1,048 (37.4) |
| Individual level | |||
| Total n | 761 | 1,111 | 1,872 |
| Mean maternal age at first visit, years, (± SD) | 29.61 (5.84) (n = 754) | 30.67 (6.02) (n = 1,087) | 30.24 (5.97) (n = 1,841) |
| Primiparity n/total (%) | 312/745 (41.9) | 485/1,098 (44.2) | 797/1,843 (43.2) |
| Mean body mass index at booking, kg/m2 (± SD) | 26.29 (6.29) (n = 572) | 25.73 (5.72) (n = 1,050) | 25.93 (5.93) (n = 1,622) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) • Asian (including Chinese) • Black • White • Other |
n = 661 126 (19.1) 96 (14.5) 376 (56.9) 63 (9.5) |
n = 1,013 112 (11.1) 232 (22.9) 561 (55.4) 112 (11.1) |
n = 1,674 238 (14.2) 328 (19.6) 937 (56.0) 171 (10.2) |
| Smoking, n (%) • Never • Ex: gave up before pregnancy • Ex: gave up in pregnancy • Current smoker |
n = 690 454 (65.8) 85 (12.3) 47 (6.8) 104 (15.1) |
n = 1,038 810 (78.0) 89 (8.6) 45 (4.3) 93 (9.0) |
n = 1,728 1,264 (73.1) 174 (10.1) 92 (5.3) 197 (11.4) |
| Previous sPTB (<37+0), n/total (%) | 81/758 (10.7) | 106/1,107 (9.6) | 187/1,865 (10.0) |
| Previous preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, n/total (%) | 23/758 (3.0) | 16/1,107 (1.4) | 39/1,865 (2.1) |
| Previous late miscarriage (16+0 − 23+6 weeks), n/total (%) | 18/758 (2.4) | 39/1,107 (3.5) | 57/1,865 (3.1) |
| Previous cervical surgery, n/total (%) | 22/758 (2.9) | 38/1,107 (3.4) | 60/1,865 (3.2) |
| Twin pregnancy, n/total (%) | 34/758 (4.5) | 40/1,107 (3.6) | 74/1,865 (4.0) |
| Known uterine anomaly, n/total (%) | 7/758 (0.9) | 4/1,107 (0.4) | 11/1,865 (0.6) |
| Cerclage, n/total (%) | 16/758 (2.1) | 21/1,107 (1.9) | 37/1,865 (2.0) |
| Progesterone, n/total (%) | 20/758 (2.6) | 9/1,104 (0.8) | 29/1,862 (1.6) |
| Arabin cervical pessary, n/total (%) | 0/758 (0.0) | 3/1,104 (0.3) | 3/1,862 (0.2) |
| Mean gestation at first visit in PTL, weeks (± SD) | 30.10 (3.25) n = 758 | 30.00 (3.28) n = 1,107 | 30.04 (3.27) |
NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PTL, preterm labour; QUIPP, QUantitative Innovation in Predicting Preterm birth; sPTB, spontaneous preterm birth.