Table 3.

Fatty acids composition of stale sourdough bread based on dry weight before and after 6 days solid state fermentation by N. intermedia. Fatty acid (FA) composition, total FA, total saturated fatty acids (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in stale sourdough bread based on dry weight referred as ‘before’ fermentation begins, after 6 days solid state fermentation (whole fermentation period) by N. intermedia referred as ‘after’ and on BSG as a potential substrate. Essential Fatty acids in human are highlighted with gray.

	mg FA/g sample			FA (% of total FA)
	Before	After	BSG	Before	After	BSG
Fatty acid profile
C 12:0	0.00 ± 0.001	0.06 ± 0.032	0.00 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.011	0.19 ± 0.082	0.00 ± 0.00
C 13:1	0.03 ± 0.001	0.00 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.00
C 14:0	0.05 ± 0.001	0.28 ± 0.112	0.00 ± 0.00	0.22 ± 0.001	0.84 ± 0.232	0.01 ± 0.00
C 15:0	0.06 ± 0.001	0.13 ± 0.012	0.00 ± 0.00	0.26 ± 0.001	0.42 ± 0.022	0.01 ± 0.00
C 16:0	5.15 ± 0.251	5.01 ± 0.751	1.40 ± 0.04	23.35 ± 0.021	15.75 ± 0.282	19.83 ± 0.05
C 16:1n7	0.03 ± 0.011	0.22 ± 0.052	0.01 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.021	0.69 ± 0.062	0.14 ± 0.02
C 17:1n7	0.01 ± 0.001	0.08 ± 0.012	0.00 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.011	0.27 ± 0.022	0.02 ± 0.00
C 18:0	0.47 ± 0.021	1.34 ± 0.162	0.09 ± 0.00	2.13 ± 0.011	4.23 ± 0.052	1.25 ± 0.01
C 18:1 n9/n12	2.83 ± 0.151	7.81 ± 1.232	1.27 ± 0.02	12.82 ± 0.041	24.51 ± 0.622	17.98 ± 0.19
C 18:1 n7	0.11 ± 0.011	0.21 ± 0.062	0.06 ± 0.00	0.49 ± 0.021	0.66 ± 0.092	0.81 ± 0.02
C 18:2 n6	13.07 ± 0.631	13.73 ± 1.622	4.15 ± 0.10	59.23 ± 0.151	43.26 ± 0.622	58.77 ± 0.03
C 18:3 n3	0.01 ± 0.011	1.74 ± 0.112	0.00 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.031	5.63 ± 0.412	0.01 ± 0.01
C 20:0	0.00 ± 0.001	0.13 ± 0.022	0.00 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.001	0.42 ± 0.022	0.01 ± 0.01
C 20:1 n9	0.02 ± 0.001	0.08 ± 0.021	0.00 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.011	0.26 ± 0.032	0.04 ± 0.00
C 20:2 n6	0.00 ± 0.001	0.05 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.011	0.17 ± 0.002	0.04 ± 0.01
C 20:3 n3	0.03 ± 0.011	0.30 ± 0.052	0.00 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.011	0.98 ± 0.282	0.01 ± 0.01
C 20:5 n3	0.00 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.011	0.02 ± 0.002	0.01 ± 0.00
C 22:0	0.06 ± 0.011	0.16 ± 0.012	0.01 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.011	0.5 ± 0.052	0.11 ± 0.11
C 22:5 n3	0.00 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.001	0.04 ± 0.021	0.01 ± 0.01
C 24:0	0.00 ± 0.001	0.19 ± 0.012	0.00 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.021	0.59 ± 0.042	0.01 ± 0.01
C 24:1 n9	0.00 ± 0.001	0.05 ± 0.012	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.011	0.16 ± 0.012	0.01 ± 0.00
Total FA	22.06 ± 1.11	31.78 ± 4.21	7.07 ± 0.17	100	100	100
Total SFA	5.80 ± 0.30	7.37 ± 1.12	1.50 ± 0.05	26.29 ± 0.02	23.65 ± 0.46	21.27 ± 0.12
Total MUFA	3.13 ± 0.18	8.53 ± 1.39	1.39 ± 0.02	14.19 ± 0.09	27.36 ± 0.83	19.65 ± 0.26
Total PUFA	13.13 ± 0.64	15.88 ± 1.71	4.18 ± 0.11	59.52 ± 0.10	50.27 ± 1.29	59.08 ± 0.14

Same number in the same row mean no significant difference between the means at 95% confidence; values are expressed as means±SD (n = 2).