Table 1.
Demographics of all subjects
| Parameter | COV- | COV+ | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 67 | 272 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 28/39 | 156/116 | 0.0220 |
| Age (years) | 48 ± 16 | 60 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
| Race (African American/white/other) | 32/35/0 | 202/66/4 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index | 30 ± 8 | 31 ± 9 | 0.3987 |
| COVID-19-like symptomsa | |||
| Any number of COVID19-like symptoms | 65 | 242 | 0.0437 |
| Fever | 29 | 128 | 0.5788 |
| Chills | 13 | 46 | 0.6300 |
| Conjunctival congestion | 1 | 1 | 0.2815 |
| Nasal congestion | 7 | 10 | 0.0229 |
| Headache | 18 | 23 | <0.0001 |
| Cough | 35 | 147 | 0.7907 |
| Sore throat | 14 | 23 | 0.0034 |
| Shortness of breath | 44 | 168 | 0.5540 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 15 | 41 | 0.1487 |
| Diarrhea | 11 | 38 | 0.6098 |
| Myalgia | 16 | 66 | 0.9476 |
| Fatigue | 21 | 53 | 0.0353 |
| Loss of taste or smellb | 0 | 4 | 0.3180 |
| Asymptomaticc | NA | 21 | |
| Acute respiratory failured | 9 | 100 | 0.0002 |
| Acute renal failured | 2 | 68 | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic kidney diseasee | 4 | 56 | 0.0050 |
| Diabetese | 15 | 120 | 0.0011 |
| Cancere | 8 | 24 | 0.4345 |
| COVID-19 drug treatmentf | |||
| Remdesivir | 2 | 43 | 0.0056 |
| Dexamethasone | 13 | 63 | 0.5087 |
| High/Low arterial pH | 5 | 83 | 0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 18 (27%) | 36 (13.2%) | 0.0063 |
| Hospital admissiong | 26 (38.8%) | 252 (92.6%) | <0.0001 |
| ICU admissiong | 10 (14.9%) | 129 (47.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Intubation and mechanical ventilation | 4 (6.0%) | 70 (25.7%) | 0.0005 |
| Deceased | 6 (8.9%) | 65 (23.9%) | 0.0071 |
| Deceased because of COVID-19h | |||
| 30 day mortality | N/A | 39 (76.5%) | |
| 60 day mortality | N/A | 49 (96.1%) | |
| 90 day mortality | N/A | 50 (98.0%) | |
| overall mortality | N/A | 51 (100%) | |
Table includes both training and test cohorts. Percentages are shown as the percentage of the group (COV- or COV+). Demographic data were last updated May 20, 2021. Data are presented as means ± SD, p values of numeric parameters were calculated by using a two-tailed Student’s t test with unequal variance, p values of categorical parameters were calculated by using a chi-square test. Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; N/A, not applicable.
Two COV- individuals were without symptoms but were exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-positive individual. Nine COV+ individuals had other symptoms (e.g., confusion, lethargy, an altered mental state, or breathing anomalies). Clinical metadata last updated October 16, 2020.
CDC guideline symptom was added to the symptom questionnaire late in the study; parameter is not available for most of the subjects.
A SARS-CoV-2 test was routinely administered at presentation to the hospital for reasons other than COVID-19 (e.g., accidents, pre-operation tests, regular checkups, cancer screening, injuries, or exposure to a SARS-CoV-2-positive individual).
During present hospitalization.
Recorded up to 1 year before the current admission or up to 1 year before the d0 sample for those who were not admitted to the hospital.
At any point during hospital stay.
Hospital and/or ICU admission of COV− group was for reasons other than COVID-19 (e.g., accidents, acute respiratory failure from bacterial pneumonia, intentional self-harm, possible heart failure, hypertension, trauma, and cancer).
Percentages shown as the percentage of total number of patients who died of COVID-19.