Figure 1.

Cartoon schematic of the models for resident vacuole protein turnover. Left: ESCRT-dependent sorting of vacuole proteins via recruitment of ESCRTs to ubiquitinated surface proteins, which are sorted into a vesicle that protrudes into the vacuole lumen and is degraded. Right: ILF pathway showing an ESCRT-independent selective sorting of proteins into a fragment, which via homotypic vacuole fusion is deposited into the vacuole lumen and then degraded.