Fig. 5.

Linalool inhibits angiogenesis through activation of ERK. a Western blot of p-AKT, AKT, p-ERK, ERK and β-actin expression in HDMECs, which were exposed for 30 min to 0.25, 1 and 2 mM linalool or vehicle (0 mM). b, c Expression levels of pAKT/AKT (b) and pERK/ERK (c) (in % of 0 mM linalool) as assessed by western blot (n = 3 independent experiments). d Western blot of p-ERK, ERK and β-actin expression in HDMECs, which were pretreated for 2 h with or without 1 µM PD0325901, a specific MEK inhibitor, and then exposed for 30 min to 0 or 2 mM linalool. e Expression levels of pERK/ERK (in % of 0 mM linalool) as assessed by western blot (n = 4 independent experiments). f Sprouting (in % of 0 mM linalool) of HDMEC spheroids, which were treated for 24 h with 0 or 2 mM linalool in the presence or absence of 1 µM PD0325901, as assessed by the spheroid sprouting assay (n = 10). g Western blot of ERK and β-actin expression in HDMECs, which were transfected for 48 h with 20 nM si-NC or si-ERK. h Expression levels of ERK/β-actin (in % of si-NC) as assessed by western blot (n = 3 independent experiments). i Sprouting (in % of 0 mM linalool) of HDMEC spheroids consisting of si-NC- or si-ERK-transfected cells, which were treated for 24 h with 0 or 2 mM linalool, as assessed by the spheroid sprouting assay (n = 10). Means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. 0 mM linalool or si-NC. ^#P < 0.05 vs. 2 mM linalool