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. 2021 Mar 11;94(6):1287–1295. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01662-6

Table 2.

Path odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of lifestyle factors on the relationship between shift work and obesity

Total effect c-path (shift work > obesity) Direct effect c’-path (shift work > obesity) a-paths (shift work > lifestyle factor) b-paths (lifestyle factor > obesity) Indirect effects a*b-path (shift work > lifestyle factor > obesity)
Shift work 1.37 (1.16–1.61) 1.35 (1.15–1.60)
Physical inactivity 1.36 (1.19–1.55) 1.41 (1.24–1.60) 1.11 (1.05–1.19)
Low intake of fruit & vegetables 1.29 (1.13–1.47) 1.17 (1.03–1.32) 1.04 (1.01–1.09)
Smoking 1.63 (1.40–1.90) 0.62 (0.53–0.73) 0.79 (0.70–0.87)
Poor sleep quality 1.51 (1.31–1.74) 1.18 (1.04–1.35) 1.07 (1.01–1.15)

Structural equation model adjusted for age, gender, education, children living at home, working hours/week, and type of work tasks. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)