Table 1.
Circulating proteins and the development of liver metastasis—the separate cohorts.
| SAM analysis | Univariable Cox regression analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | Q | N (%) | HR (95% CI)a | P | |
| Investigation cohortb | |||||
| CXCL2 | 2.14 | 0 | 121 (99.2) | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.011 |
| ANGPT2 | 1.55 | 0 | 121 (99.2) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.833 |
| sCD40 | 1.51 | 0 | 121 (99.2) | 1.004 (1.001–1.007) | 0.007 |
| TNFRSF10B | 1.35 | 0 | 121 (99.2) | 1.000 (0.998–1.002) | 0.904 |
| FLT3LG | 0.95 | 7.73 | 116 (95.1) | 0.996 (0.982–1.011) | 0.618 |
| VEGFA | 0.88 | 7.73 | 101 (82.8) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.849 |
| Validation cohort 1 | |||||
| CXCL2 | 79 (100) | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.249 | ||
| sCD40 | 79 (100) | 1.003 (1.000–1.006) | 0.040 | ||
| Validation cohort 2c | |||||
| sCD40 | 129 (95.6) | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.029 | ||
| Validation cohort 3d | |||||
| sCD40 | 55 (93.2) | 1.003 (1.000–1.006) | 0.044 | ||
ANGPT2 angiopoietin-2, CI confidence interval, CXCL2 C–X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, D likelihood score, FLT3LG fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, HR hazard ratio, Q false discovery rate, SAM Significance Analysis for Microarrays, sCD40 soluble cluster of differentiation molecule 40, TNFRSF10B tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 10B, VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A.
aHR above 1 indicates enhanced probability for the event. Patients were omitted from the analyses because they developed lung metastasis before the first occurrence of liver metastasis: bone cand additional three patients without metastatic disease who were lost to follow-up.
dAdditional two patients who died without metastatic disease.