Table 3.

Visceral adipose tissue inflammation and morphology associated with estimated insulin sensitivity.

	Estimated insulin sensitivity, AUa		Estimated insulin sensitivity, AUa,b
	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value
VAT adipocyte size	− 0.19 (− 0.31 to − 0.07)	0.004	− 0.14 (− 0.30 to 0.01)	0.06
VAT PPAR-γ	0.05 (− 0.57 to 0.67)	0.88	0.03 (− 0.71 to 0.78)	0.93
VAT FAS	0.49 (− 0.02 to 1.00)	0.06	0.10 (− 0.39 to 0.60)	0.67
VAT SCD1	0.16 (− 1.06 to 1.37)	0.79	0.23 (− 1.23 to 1.69)	0.75
VAT HIF-1α	− 0.32 (− 0.67 to 0.03)	0.07	− 0.37 (− 0.66 to − 0.09)	0.01
VAT VEGFA	0.03 (− 0.27 to 0.32)	0.86	0.03 (− 0.23 to 0.29)	0.82
VAT ESR1	0.05 (− 0.38 to 0.48)	0.80	− 0.09 (− 0.48 to 0.31)	0.65
VAT AdipoQ	0.06 (− 0.24 to 0.36)	0.69	0.06 (− 0.21 to 0.34)	0.63
VAT CD163+ cells	− 0.37 (− 1.01 to 0.28)	0.25	0.05 (− 0.67 to 0.77)	0.89
VAT CD68+ cells	0.25 (− 0.06 to 0.57)	0.11	0.24 (− 0.04 to 0.52)	0.09
VAT CD3+ cells	− 0.31 (− 0.84 to 0.22)	0.24	− 0.21 (− 0.71 to 0.28)	0.38
VAT CD20+ cells	− 0.33 (− 0.69 to 0.04)	0.08	− 0.17 (− 0.56 to 0.23)	0.39
VAT PcF	− 0.46 (− 0.82 to − 0.1)	0.02	− 0.36 (− 0.72 to 0.01)	0.06
VAT IL-6 mRNA	− 0.52 (− 0.96 to − 0.09)	0.02	− 0.34 (− 0.81 to 0.14)	0.16
VAT IL-18 mRNA	− 0.17 (− 0.35 to 0.01)	0.07	− 0.13 (− 0.29 to 0.04)	0.13
VAT TNF-α mRNA	− 0.35 (− 0.67 to − 0.03)	0.03	− 0.27 (− 0.57 to 0.04)	0.08
VAT MCP-1 mRNA	− 0.22 (− 0.59 to 0.15)	0.20	− 0.25 (− 0.47 to − 0.03)	0.03

VAT visceral adipose tissue, AU arbitrary units, PPAR Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, FAS fatty-acid synthase, SCD Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, HIF Hypoxia-inducible factor, VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor, ESR1 estrogen receptor 1, AdipoQ adiponectin, CD cluster of differentiation, PcF pericellular fibrosis, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, MCP Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein. N = 25.

^aEstimated insulin sensitivity calculated through Composite Matsuda Index.

^bModel corrected for VAT mass.