Table 1.

Comparison of the PNIPAM-Cu/Pd catalyst with the literature reported catalysts for the 4-NP reduction.

Nano catalyst	Kapp (min−1)	References
PNIPAM-Pd	0.082	54
AuNP/T-G hydrogel	0.0022	55
PVP-Pd	0.086	54
PNIPAM-AgNS	0.159	53
CN-supported PdNPs nanohybrids	9.5 × 10–5	56
MXene@PdNPs	0.003	57
Polyethyleneimine (PEI)/Polycaprolactone (PCL)@PdNPs	0.00276	58
Pd–Cu bimetallic nanomaterials (BNMs)	0.026	43
PNIPAM-Cu/Pd	0.223	This work