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. 2021 Jul 20;11:14778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94270-w

Table 5.

Cardiovascular, mortality and renal risk by number of cigarettes consumed per day.

CV fatal and non-fatal events All-cause death ESKD
HR 95% CI p HR 95% CI p HR 95% CI p
Current smokers
Cigarettes, number/day 1.04 1.01–1.06 0.001 1.04 1.02–1.07 0.001 1.02 0.99–1.04 0.173
Former smokers
Cigarettes, number/day 1.01 1.00–1.02 0.036 1.00 0.99–1.02 0.442 1.01 0.99–1.01 0.643

Models (with current or former smokers, separately) are adjusted for all the covariates included in Table 3.

HR hazard ratio, CV cardiovascular, ESKD end-stage-kidney-disease. Number of cigarettes variable was log-transformed due to the skewed distribution. Estimates with p value <0.05 are shown in bold.