Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.
| Characteristic | Training cohort | Pa | Test cohort | Pa | Pb | ||
| Cachexia (N = 48) | No-Cachexia (N = 75) | Cachexia (N = 21) | No-Cachexia (N = 31) | ||||
| Age (y) | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.62 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 64.40 ± 11.31 | 67.35 ± 9.71 | 62.33 ± 17.04 | 66.06 ± 15.15 | |||
| Sex, NO. (%) | 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.41 | ||||
| Male | 28 (58.33) | 42 (56) | 10 (47.62) | 16 (51.61) | |||
| Female | 20 (41.67) | 33 (44) | 11 (52.38) | 15 (48.39) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.016c | 0.30 | 0.62 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 25.1 ± 5.55 | 26.97 ± 4.43 | 25.53 ± 3.47 | 26.41 ± 5.89 | |||
| BMI category (kg/m2) | 0.018c | 0.066 | 0.81 | ||||
| <20.0 | 6 (12.5) | 3 (4) | 2 (9.52) | 0 (0) | |||
| 20.0–24.9 | 21 (43.75) | 25 (33.33) | 7 (33.33) | 14 (45.16) | |||
| 25.0–29.9 | 15 (31.25) | 29 (38.67) | 10 (47.62) | 10 (32.26) | |||
| ≥30 | 6 (12.5) | 18 (24) | 2 (9.52) | 7 (22.58) | |||
| Skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2/m2) | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.50 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 41.52 ± 14.61 | 42.57 ± 13.35 | 37.65 ± 11.98 | 44.74 ± 16.79 | |||
| ECOG PS | 0.050c | 0.18 | 0.83 | ||||
| 0 | 6 (12.5) | 23 (30.67) | 2 (9.52) | 8 (25.81) | |||
| 1 | 40 (83.33) | 51 (68) | 18 (85.71) | 23 (74.19) | |||
| ≥2 | 2 (4.17) | 1 (1.33) | 1 (4.76) | 0 (0) | |||
| Distant metastasis | 0.017c | 0.64 | 0.45 | ||||
| M0 | 9 (18.75) | 25 (33.33) | 4 (19.05) | 9 (29.03) | |||
| M1a | 6 (12.5) | 18 (24) | 3 (14.29) | 7 (22.58) | |||
| M1b | 21 (43.75) | 20 (26.67) | 11 (52.38) | 12 (38.71) | |||
| M1c | 12 (25) | 12 (16) | 3 (14.29) | 3 (9.68) | |||
| Histology, NO. (%) | 0.077 | 0.58 | 0.09 | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 27 (56.25) | 55 (73.33) | 12 (57.14) | 15 (48.39) | |||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 21 (43.75) | 20 (26.67) | 9 (42.86) | 16 (51.61) | |||
| Weight change within 6 months (%) | <.001c | <.001c | 0.96 | ||||
| Mean ± SD | −10.54 ± 4.65 | 0.86 ± 5.21 | −9.69 ± 4.63 | 0.5 ± 3.98 | |||
| Smoke, NO. (%) | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.16 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 18 (37.5) | 31 (41.33) | 5 (23.81) | 9 (29.03) | |||
| Former smoker | 28 (58.33) | 42 (56) | 14 (66.67) | 20 (64.52) | |||
| Current smoker | 2 (4.17) | 2 (2.67) | 2 (9.52) | 2 (6.45) | |||
| COPD | 0.14 | 0.72 | 0.66 | ||||
| NO. (%) | 11 (22.92) | 9 (12) | 3 (14.29) | 7 (22.58) | |||
| PD-L1 status | 1.00 | 0.62 | 1.00 | ||||
| Positive | 11 (22.92) | 18 (24.00) | 7 (33.33) | 2 (6.45) | |||
| Negative | 11 (22.92) | 17 (22.67) | 12 (57.14) | 4 (12.90) | |||
| Unknown | 26 (54.17) | 40 (53.33) | 2 (9.52) | 25 (80.65) | |||
| Best response | 0.050c | <0.001c | 0.67 | ||||
| PR/CR/SD | 13 (27.08) | 9 (12) | 10 (47.62) | 1 (3.23) | |||
| PD | 35 (72.92) | 66 (88) | 11 (52.38) | 30 (96.77) | |||
| Progression-free survival | 0.001c | 0.005c | 0.84 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.37 (2.60–13.77) | 11.93 (7.43–NR) | 3 (1.77–9.63) | 16 (6.17–50.20) | |||
| Overall survival | 0.011c | 0.009c | 0.30 | ||||
| Mean(95%CI) | 30.99 (5.18–20.84) | 38.75 (31.12–46.37) | 24.19 (11.90–36.47) | 38.72 (28.03-49.40) | |||
| RS | <.001c | .003c | 0.77 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.62) | 0.31 (0.22,0.43) | 0.49 (0.39,0.60) | 0.32 (0.22,0.43) | |||
Data are patient numbers, with percentages in parentheses. IQR is short for interquartile range; The demographic and clinical characteristics of external VA patients were provided in Supplementary Table S1.
SD standard deviation.
aP-value is derived between Cachexia and non-Cachexia.
bP is derived training and test cohorts.
cmeans P-value < .05.