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. 2021 Jul 20;11:14749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94201-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Modules clustered based on the temporal modules. Modules extracted from the EMG data matrix at Fr ~ 0.25 are shown. (A) The line plots represent a temporal module. Temporal modules identified from all participants were classified into a set of 4 clusters in each gravity level. The grey individual line indicates a temporal module identified in each participant, and the coloured solid line indicates the average. (B) The bar graphs indicate spatial modules averaged across participants. The different columns of the temporal modules and different colours of the spatial modules represent the 5 different gravity levels. The temporal modules corresponding to the same cluster, i.e., TE₁ to TE₄, and the corresponding spatial modules are arranged in the same row. The similarity of the temporal modules between the gravity condition of 1 g and each of the other gravity levels in each cluster (TE_1-4) is shown as the correlation coefficient (r). Symbols (*, #) indicate a significant difference in the activation coefficients of all or each phase; *p < 0.05 and ^#p < 0.01.